Single-phase active power filters for multiple nonlinear loads
TL;DR: In this paper, an active power filter for single-phase power systems which are comprised of multiple nonlinear loads is presented. But the spectral performance of the active filter is not evaluated.
Abstract: This paper presents active power filters for single-phase power systems which are comprised of multiple nonlinear loads. The paper provides background on the operation of the filter, the details of the power circuit, the details of the control design, representative waveforms, and spectral performance for a filter which supports a 384 W AC controller and a 900 W uncontrolled bridge rectifier. Experimental data indicate that the active filter typically consumes 3% or less of the average load power, suggesting that a parallel filter is an efficient compensation approach. The spectral performance shows that the active filter brings the system into compliance with IEC-555 for decision frequencies in excess of 30 kHz. A discussion is presented outlining an alternative single-phase active filter which uses two controllable switches and is based on a half-bridge topology. >
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: This paper presents a comprehensive review of active filter configurations, control strategies, selection of components, other related economic and technical considerations, and their selection for specific applications.
Abstract: Active filtering of electric power has now become a mature technology for harmonic and reactive power compensation in two-wire (single phase), three-wire (three phase without neutral), and four-wire (three phase with neutral) AC power networks with nonlinear loads. This paper presents a comprehensive review of active filter (AF) configurations, control strategies, selection of components, other related economic and technical considerations, and their selection for specific applications. It is aimed at providing a broad perspective on the status of AF technology to researchers and application engineers dealing with power quality issues. A list of more than 200 research publications on the subject is also appended for a quick reference.
2,311 citations
Cites methods from "Single-phase active power filters f..."
...This development has made it possible to use different control algorithms such as, proportional integral (P-I) [40], [87], [149], variable-structure control [51], [127], [141], fuzzy logic, and neural nets [46] for improving the dynamic and steady-state performance of the AF....
[...]
...There is a large number of control methods in the time domain, which are known as instantaneous "p-q" theory [59], [63], [65], [66], [75], [85], [86], [89], [91], synchronous d-q reference frame method [19], [20], [109], [132], [154], synchronous detection method [157], [159], [162], flux-based controller [144], notch filter method [139], [158], [160], [164], P-I controller [51], [87], [149], slidingmode controller [51], [112], [127], [141], etc....
[...]
01 Sep 2000
TL;DR: There has been considerable interest in the development and applications of active filters because of the increasing concern over power quality, at both distribution and consumer levels, and the need to control reactive power and voltage stability at transmission levels as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: There has been considerable interest in the development and applications of active filters because of the increasing concern over power quality, at both distribution and consumer levels, and the need to control reactive power and voltage stability at transmission levels. The existing approaches are classified and assessed to provide a framework of references for both researchers in this field and for generators, suppliers and consumers of electrical power who are, or may be, concerned about the problems associated with power quality and are considering installing active filters for their particular sets of problems.
668 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an enhanced current control approach, which seamlessly integrates system harmonic mitigation capabilities with the primary DG power generation function is proposed, which effectively eliminates the impacts of steady-state fundamental current tracking errors in the DG units.
Abstract: The increasing application of nonlinear loads may cause distribution system power quality issues. In order to utilize distributed generation (DG) unit interfacing converters to actively compensate harmonics, this paper proposes an enhanced current control approach, which seamlessly integrates system harmonic mitigation capabilities with the primary DG power generation function. As the proposed current controller has two well-decoupled control branches to independently control fundamental and harmonic DG currents, local nonlinear load harmonic current detection and distribution system harmonic voltage detection are not necessary for the proposed harmonic compensation method. Moreover, a closed-loop power control scheme is employed to directly derive the fundamental current reference without using any phase-locked loops (PLL). The proposed power control scheme effectively eliminates the impacts of steady-state fundamental current tracking errors in the DG units. Thus, an accurate power control is realized even when the harmonic compensation functions are activated. In addition, this paper also briefly discusses the performance of the proposed method when DG unit is connected to a grid with frequency deviation. Simulated and experimental results from a single-phase DG unit validate the correctness of the proposed methods.
220 citations
Cites methods from "Single-phase active power filters f..."
...In addition, for the shunt active harmonic filtering via point of connection (PoC) harmonic voltage detection (also named as resistive active power filter (R-APF) in [12] and [23]), the control techniques in [16] and [17] cannot be used....
[...]
...Alternatively, an interesting harmonic detectionless method was proposed in [16] and [17]....
[...]
TL;DR: A linear current control scheme for single-phase active power filters that provides additional attenuation to the harmonics coming from the load current, the grid voltage, and the reference signal, resulting in a grid current with lower harmonic distortion.
Abstract: This paper presents a linear current control scheme for single-phase active power filters. The approach is based on an outer voltage loop, an inner current loop, and a resonant selective harmonic compensator. The design of the control parameters is carried out using conventional linear techniques (analysis of loop gain and other disturbance-rejection transfer functions). The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated and compared with two reference controllers: a basic control and an advanced repetitive control. In comparison with these controllers, the proposed control scheme provides additional attenuation to the harmonics coming from the load current, the grid voltage, and the reference signal, resulting in a grid current with lower harmonic distortion. Experimental results are reported in order to validate this paper.
184 citations
Cites background from "Single-phase active power filters f..."
...The basic approach to generate the reference current consists of multiplying k(t) by the sensed grid voltage vs [10], [12] [see Fig....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, a feedback linearization theory is applied to a single-phase shunt active power filter, and a sliding mode controller is proposed to impose a desired dynamic behavior on the system.
Abstract: The aim of this work is the application of the feedback linearization theory to a single-phase shunt active power filter, since this technique has been successfully applied to other areas of power electronic. The active filter is linearized by means of a nonlinear transformation of the system model, deduced from the application of Tellegen's theorem to the system. After that, a sliding mode controller is proposed to impose a desired dynamic behavior on the system, giving robustness and insensitivity to parameter variations. Moreover, the proposed controller ensures proper tracking of the reference signals and simplifies the overall control design. The controller was implemented into a low cost DSP. Experimental and simulation results are provided.
182 citations
Cites background or methods from "Single-phase active power filters f..."
...8 depicts the steady-state waveforms of the sliding mode control reported in [25] for the supply voltage (upper trace), supply current (middle trace), and filter current (lower trace)....
[...]
...Steady state waveforms of v , i , and i for the sliding mode controller of [25]: (a) Simulation results and (b) experimental results....
[...]
...In [25] and [34]–[36], a sliding mode control is proposed for single-phase and three-phase voltage inverters, respectively....
[...]
...9 shows the frequency spectrum of the line current achieved by both the proposed control approach and the sliding mode control reported in [25]....
[...]
...In our experiments, the magnitude of the scaling factor is controlled with the same PI compensator ( and ) and the following sliding mode control [25]:...
[...]
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: Covers in a progressive fashion a number of analysis tools and design techniques directly applicable to nonlinear control problems in high performance systems (in aerospace, robotics and automotive areas).
Abstract: Covers in a progressive fashion a number of analysis tools and design techniques directly applicable to nonlinear control problems in high performance systems (in aerospace, robotics and automotive areas).
15,545 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: An electric dynamically operated storage element comprises two energy stores and circuitry is provided for applying periodically repeating phase clock pulses simultaneously to the energy stores through the charging circuits.
Abstract: An electric dynamically operated storage element comprises two energy stores. Each store has a charging circuit including a rectifying element and a discharging circuit including a controlled respectively variable resistance connected in series with the rectifying element. Also, circuitry is provided for applying periodically repeating phase clock pulses simultaneously to the energy stores through the charging circuits.
1,802 citations
22 Jun 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a methodology of feedback control to achieve accurate tracking for a class of nonlinear time-varying systems in the presence of disturbances and parameter variations.
Abstract: A methodology is presented of feedback control to achieve accurate tracking for a class of nonlinear time-varying systems in the presence of disturbances and parameter variations. The methodology uses in its idealized form piecewise continuous feedback control laws, resulting in the state trajectory `sliding' along a discontinuity surface in the state space. The idealized form of the methodology results in perfect tracking of the required signals; however certain non-idealities associated with its implementation cause the trajectory to 'chatter' along the sliding surface resulting in the generation of an undesirable high-frequency component which may excite high-frequency unmodelled dynamics of the control systems. To rectify this situation, it is shown how continuous control laws which approximate the discontinuous control law may be used to obtain disturbance and parameter variation insensitive tracking. At the same time, the continuous control laws decrease the extent of unwanted high-frequency signals.
1,636 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an application of variable structure systems theory, and the associated sliding regimes of the systems, is presented to study energy transfers between dynamic storage elements in lossless bilinear networks and obtain a feasible reformulation of the constant regulation problem in dc-dc switch-mode power converters (SPC's) usually treated by approximate state-space averaging techniques on pulse width modulation (PWM) control schemes.
Abstract: This article presents an application of variable structure systems theory, and the associated sliding regimes (Utkin [1]-[4]) of the systems, 1) to study energy transfers between dynamic storage elements in lossless bilinear networks and 2) to obtain a feasible reformulation of the constant regulation problem in dc-dc switch-mode power converters (SPC's) usually treated by approximate state-space averaging techniques on pulse width modulation (PWM) control schemes. The approach exploits the geometric aspects of the problems and obtains an analysis and design methodology, based on the ideal sliding mode qualitative characteristics, which is intuitively clear, mathematically feasible, and devoid of approximations.
357 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the theory of variable structure systems with sliding mode control has been used to develop a power conditioning system, and an experimental system has been developed, and digital simulation of both the power and control systems has been performed.
Abstract: The theory of variable structure systems with sliding mode control has been used to develop a power conditioning system. An experimental system has been developed, and digital simulation of both the power and control systems has been performed. The good agreement between the analytical study and the experimental and simulation results confirms the validity of the proposed control system.
191 citations