Single-shot coherent power-spectrum imaging of objects hidden by opaque scattering media.
TL;DR: This work reports coherent imaging of objects behind opaque scattering media with only one piece of the Fourier transform power spectrum pattern under coherent illumination, which extends the methodology of x-ray crystallography to visible-light scattering imaging for underwater and living biomedical imaging.
Abstract: We report coherent imaging of objects behind opaque scattering media with only one piece of the power spectrum pattern. We solve the unique solution and improve algorithm speed for the inverse problem. Based on the proposed scattering-disturbance model, with only one piece of the Fourier transform power spectrum pattern under coherent illumination, we successfully reconstruct clear images of the objects fully hidden by an opaque diffuser. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the reconstruction method and the scattering-disturbance model. Our method makes it possible to carry out snapshot coherent imaging of the objects obscured by scattering media, which extends the methodology of x-ray crystallography to visible-light scattering imaging for underwater and living biomedical imaging.
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that random phase modulation on the optical field, also known as coherent modulation imaging (CMI), in conjunction with the phase extraction neural network (PhENN) and a Gerchberg-Saxton-Fienup (GSF) approximant, further improves resilience to noise of the phase-from-intensity imaging problem.
Abstract: Imaging with low-dose light is of importance in various fields, especially when minimizing radiation-induced damage onto samples is desirable. The raw image captured at the detector plane is then predominantly a Poisson random process with Gaussian noise added due to the quantum nature of photo-electric conversion. Under such noisy conditions, highly ill-posed problems such as phase retrieval from raw intensity measurements become prone to strong artifacts in the reconstructions; a situation that deep neural networks (DNNs) have already been shown to be useful at improving. Here, we demonstrate that random phase modulation on the optical field, also known as coherent modulation imaging (CMI), in conjunction with the phase extraction neural network (PhENN) and a Gerchberg-Saxton-Fienup (GSF) approximant, further improves resilience to noise of the phase-from-intensity imaging problem. We offer design guidelines for implementing the CMI hardware with the proposed computational reconstruction scheme and quantify reconstruction improvement as function of photon count.
29Â citations
01 Jul 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, disordered media made of randomly distributed nanoparticles can be used to overcome the diffraction limit of a conventional imaging system, and a method to extract the original image information from the multiple scattering induced by the turbid media is proposed.
Abstract: We report that disordered media made of randomly distributed nanoparticles can be used to overcome the diffraction limit of a conventional imaging system. By developing a method to extract the original image information from the multiple scattering induced by the turbid media, we dramatically increase a numerical aperture of the imaging system. As a result, the resolution is enhanced by more than 5 times over the diffraction limit, and the field of view is extended over the physical area of the camera. Our technique lays the foundation to use a turbid medium as a far-field superlens.
28Â citations
TL;DR: For photonic devices, structural disorder and light scattering have long been considered annoying and detrimental features that were best avoided or minimized as discussed by the authors , but structural disorder can be harnessed for photonic device applications.
Abstract: For photonic devices, structural disorder and light scattering have long been considered annoying and detrimental features that were best avoided or minimized. This review shows that disorder and complexity can be harnessed for photonic device applications. Compared to ordered systems, disordered systems provide much more possibilities and diverse optical responses. They have been used to create physical unclonable functions for secret key generation, and more recently for random projection, high-dimensional matrix multiplication, and reservoir computing. Incorporating structural disorder enables novel devices with unique functionalities as well as multi-functionality. A random system can function as an optical lens, a spectrometer, a polarimeter, and a radio frequency receiver. It is also employed for optical pulse measurement and full-field recovery. Multi-functional disordered photonic devices have been developed for hyperspectral imaging, spatial, and spectral polarimetry. In addition to passive devices, structural disorder has been incorporated to active devices. One prominent example is the random laser, which enables speckle-free imaging, super-resolution spectroscopy, broad tunability of high-power fiber laser, and suppression of lasing instabilities. Disordered devices have low fabrication costs, and their combination with advanced computational techniques may lead to a paradigm shift in photonics and optical engineering.
24Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the wavelength-dependent speckle multiplexing (WDSM) technique is proposed and demonstrated as an effective method to suppress the interference noise, thereby facilitating the use of partially spatially coherent light as an alternative promising illuminating source.
10Â citations
TL;DR: RPI offers an attractive modality for quantitative X-ray phase imaging when temporal resolution and reliability are critical but spatial resolution in the tens of nanometers is sufficient.
Abstract: We introduce a single-frame diffractive imaging method called randomized probe imaging (RPI). In RPI, a sample is illuminated by a structured probe field containing speckles smaller than the sample's typical feature size. Quantitative amplitude and phase images are then reconstructed from the resulting far-field diffraction pattern. The experimental geometry of RPI is straightforward to implement, requires no near-field optics, and is applicable to extended samples. When the resulting data are analyzed with a complimentary algorithm, reliable reconstructions which are robust to missing data are achieved. To realize these benefits, a resolution limit associated with the numerical aperture of the probe-forming optics is imposed. RPI therefore offers an attractive modality for quantitative X-ray phase imaging when temporal resolution and reliability are critical but spatial resolution in the tens of nanometers is sufficient. We discuss the method, introduce a reconstruction algorithm, and present two proof-of-concept experiments: one using visible light, and one using soft X-rays.
6Â citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a structural similarity index is proposed for image quality assessment based on the degradation of structural information, which can be applied to both subjective ratings and objective methods on a database of images compressed with JPEG and JPEG2000.
Abstract: Objective methods for assessing perceptual image quality traditionally attempted to quantify the visibility of errors (differences) between a distorted image and a reference image using a variety of known properties of the human visual system. Under the assumption that human visual perception is highly adapted for extracting structural information from a scene, we introduce an alternative complementary framework for quality assessment based on the degradation of structural information. As a specific example of this concept, we develop a structural similarity index and demonstrate its promise through a set of intuitive examples, as well as comparison to both subjective ratings and state-of-the-art objective methods on a database of images compressed with JPEG and JPEG2000. A MATLAB implementation of the proposed algorithm is available online at http://www.cns.nyu.edu//spl sim/lcv/ssim/.
40,609Â citations
TL;DR: Iterative algorithms for phase retrieval from intensity data are compared to gradient search methods and it is shown that both the error-reduction algorithm for the problem of a single intensity measurement and the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm forThe problem of two intensity measurements converge.
Abstract: Iterative algorithms for phase retrieval from intensity data are compared to gradient search methods. Both the problem of phase retrieval from two intensity measurements (in electron microscopy or wave front sensing) and the problem of phase retrieval from a single intensity measurement plus a non-negativity constraint (in astronomy) are considered, with emphasis on the latter. It is shown that both the error-reduction algorithm for the problem of a single intensity measurement and the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm for the problem of two intensity measurements converge. The error-reduction algorithm is also shown to be closely related to the steepest-descent method. Other algorithms, including the input-output algorithm and the conjugate-gradient method, are shown to converge in practice much faster than the error-reduction algorithm. Examples are shown.
5,210Â citations
TL;DR: Extending the methodology of X-ray crystallography to allow imaging of micrometre-sized non-crystalline specimens was proposed in this paper, where the authors extended the methodology to allow the imaging of micro-scale specimens.
Abstract: Extending the methodology of X-ray crystallography to allow imaging of micrometre-sized non-crystalline specimens
1,791Â citations
TL;DR: A digital method for solving the phase-retrieval problem of optical-coherence theory: the reconstruction of a general object from the modulus of its Fourier transform, which should be useful for obtaining high-resolution imagery from interferometer data.
Abstract: We present a digital method for solving the phase-retrieval problem of optical-coherence theory: the reconstruction of a general object from the modulus of its Fourier transform. This technique should be useful for obtaining high-resolution imagery from interferometer data.
1,762Â citations