Single-Stage Single-Switch PFC Flyback Converter Using a Synchronous Rectifier
TL;DR: A single-stage single-switch power factor correction (PFC) flyback converter with a synchronous rectifier (SR) with a reduced turn-on switching loss is proposed for improving power factor and efficiency.
Abstract: A single-stage single-switch power factor correction (PFC) flyback converter with a synchronous rectifier (SR) is proposed for improving power factor and efficiency. Using a variable switching-frequency controller, this converter is continuously operated with a reduced turn-on switching loss at the boundary of the continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The proposed PFC circuit provides relatively low dc-link voltage in the universal line voltage, and also complies with Standard IEC 61000-3-2 Class D limits. In addition, a new driving circuit as the voltage driven-synchronous rectifier is proposed to achieve high efficiency. In particular, since a driving signal is generated according to the voltage polarity, the SR driving circuit can easily be used in DCM applications. The proposed PFC circuit and SR driving circuit in the flyback converter with the reduced switching loss are analyzed in detail and optimized for high performance. Experimental results for a 19 V/90 W adapter at the variable switching-frequency of 30~70 kHz were obtained to show the performance of the proposed converter.
Citations
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TL;DR: This paper presents a comprehensive study on state of art of power factor corrected single-phase AC-DC converters configurations, control strategies, selection of components and design considerations, performance evaluation, power quality considerations, selection criteria and potential applications, latest trends, and future developments.
Abstract: Solid-state switch mode AC-DC converters having high-frequency transformer isolation are developed in buck, boost, and buck-boost configurations with improved power quality in terms of reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) of input current, power-factor correction (PFC) at AC mains and precisely regulated and isolated DC output voltage feeding to loads from few Watts to several kW. This paper presents a comprehensive study on state of art of power factor corrected single-phase AC-DC converters configurations, control strategies, selection of components and design considerations, performance evaluation, power quality considerations, selection criteria and potential applications, latest trends, and future developments. Simulation results as well as comparative performance are presented and discussed for most of the proposed topologies.
368 citations
TL;DR: This paper proposes a novel single-stage high-power-factor ac/dc converter with symmetrical topology derived from the integration of two buck-boost power-factor-correction converters and a full-bridge series-resonant dc/DC converter.
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel single-stage high-power-factor ac/dc converter with symmetrical topology. The circuit topology is derived from the integration of two buck-boost power-factor-correction (PFC) converters and a full-bridge series resonant dc/dc converter. The switch-utilization factor is improved by using two active switches to serve in the PFC circuits. A high power factor at the input line is assured by operating the buck-boost converters at discontinuous conduction mode. With symmetrical operation and elaborately designed circuit parameters, zero-voltage switching on all the active power switches of the converter can be retained to achieve high circuit efficiency. The operation modes, design equations, and design steps for the circuit parameters are proposed. A prototype circuit designed for a 200-W dc output was built and tested to verify the analytical predictions. Satisfactory performances are obtained from the experimental results.
127 citations
TL;DR: Because the input voltage of the LED driver is divided by two capacitors, the bus voltage is considerably reduced to almost the input peak voltage, rendering the novel single-stage LED driver to work suitably under high-input-voltage conditions.
Abstract: In this paper, a single-stage LED driver is proposed for a street lighting system. Two boost circuits that share a single inductor are formed by integrating the switches of a half-bridge $LLC$ resonant converter. Both boost circuits operate in the boundary conduction mode, which realizes a power-factor correction function. Because the input voltage of the LED driver is divided by two capacitors, the bus voltage is considerably reduced to almost the input peak voltage, rendering the novel single-stage LED driver to work suitably under high-input-voltage conditions. The soft-switching characteristics of the half-bridge $LLC$ resonant circuit are not affected by the integration of the switches; thus, the converter has a low cost and a high efficiency. A 100-W prototype was developed, and the efficiency was determined to be as high as 91.1% in a full-load state under a 220-V ac input.
118 citations
Cites background or methods from "Single-Stage Single-Switch PFC Flyb..."
...Nowadays, most single-stage converters are based on the integration of the flyback circuit and other discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) dc/dc converters, which are widely used owing to their low cost and fast dynamics [2]–[11]....
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...[2]–[23], the integrated switch was subjected to high voltage or current stress, which increased the power losses and reduced the reliability of the system....
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...Compared with the conventional single-stage ac/dc converter proposed in [2]–[23], two integrated switches are available, and the ac/dc converter features a symmetrical structure....
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TL;DR: A new synchronous rectifier (SR) driving method is proposed using primary current sensing and is simple and low cost for high-output-current dc-dc application.
Abstract: A new synchronous rectifier (SR) driving method is proposed using primary current sensing in this paper. Because the magnetizing current of transformer is included in the primary winding of transformer, it cannot be used to generate the driving signals of SRs directly. A current-compensating winding in current transformer (CT) is used to cancel out the magnetizing current and generate suitable driving signals for SR. Therefore, one CT is used to generate two driving signals for two SRs in LLC converter with a center-tapped rectifier. This current-driven method is simple and low cost for high-output-current dc-dc application. A 150-W dc-dc prototype using LLC half-bridge converter with the proposed SR circuit is built up to verify the theoretical analysis.
112 citations
Cites methods from "Single-Stage Single-Switch PFC Flyb..."
...For voltage-driven methods [5], [16], [17], the cost is very low....
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TL;DR: The proposed PFC converter topologies show conformity to international power quality standards with improved performance of PMBLDCM drive, such as reduction of AC mains current harmonics, near unity power factor and reduction of speed and torque ripples.
Abstract: This study presents various configurations, control schemes and design of single-phase power factor controller (PFC) topologies for permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) drives and provides a basis for selection of a suitable PFC topology for a specific application. Several AC-DC converter (buck, boost, buck-boost, C-uk, SEPIC, Zeta, push-pull, half bridge, full bridge) based PFC topologies are designed, modelled and applied to a 1.5-kW PMBLDCM drive for comparison of performance. Some of bidirectional bridge converter and unipolar inverter topologies are also evaluated to provide a comprehensive comparison of the PFC topologies for PMBLDCM drives. The proposed PFC converter topologies show conformity to international power quality standards with improved performance of PMBLDCM drive, such as reduction of AC mains current harmonics, near unity power factor and reduction of speed and torque ripples. A classified list of more than 200 research publications on the state of art of various PFC topologies and PMBLDCM drives is also given for a quick reference.
103 citations
References
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20 Jun 1994
TL;DR: In this article, a new family of single stage isolated power factor correctors is proposed, which features fast regulation of the output voltage, one or two power switches operated in unison, a single control loop, and automatic shaping of the line current.
Abstract: A new family of single stage isolated power-factor correctors features fast regulation of the output voltage, one or two power switches operated in unison, a single control loop, and automatic shaping of the line current. We give topologies, steady-state analysis, design considerations, and experimental results. >
461 citations
"Single-Stage Single-Switch PFC Flyb..." refers background in this paper
...a number of single-stage PFC circuits have been developed [4], [5]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a topological review of the single-stage power factor corrected (PFC) rectifiers is presented, and several new PFC converters were derived from some existing topologies using the translation rule.
Abstract: A topological review of the single stage power factor corrected (PFC) rectifiers is presented in this paper. Most reported single-stage PFC rectifiers cascade a boost-type converter with a forward or a flyback DC-DC converter so that input current shaping, isolation, and fast output voltage regulation are performed in one single stage. The cost and performance of single-stage PFC converters depend greatly on how its input current shaper (ICS) and the DC-DC converter are integrated together. For the cascade connected single-stage PFC rectifiers, the energy storage capacitor is found in either series or parallel path of energy flow. The second group appears to represent the main stream. Therefore, the focus of this paper is on the second group. It is found that many of these topologies can be implemented by combining a two-terminal or three-terminal boost ICS cell with DC-DC converter along with an energy storage capacitor in between. A general rule is observed that translates a three-terminal ICS cell to a two-terminal ICS cell using an additional winding from the transformer and vice verse. According to the translation rule, many of the reported single-stage PFC topologies can be viewed as electrically equivalent to one another. Several new PFC converters were derived from some existing topologies using the translation rule.
353 citations
06 Feb 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, a topological review of single-stage power factor corrected (PFC) rectifiers is presented, and several new PFC converters were derived from some existing topologies using the translation rule.
Abstract: A topological review of the single stage power factor corrected (PFC) rectifiers is presented in this paper. Most of reported single-stage PFC rectifiers cascade a boost type converter with a forward or a flyback DC-DC converter so that input current shaping, isolation, and fast output voltage regulation are performed in one single stage. The cost and performance of a single-stage PFC converters depend greatly on how its input current shaper (ICS) and the DC-DC converter are integrated together. For the cascade connected single-stage PFC rectifiers, the energy storage capacitor is found in either series or parallel path of energy flow. The second group appears to represent the main stream. Therefore, the focus of this paper is on this group. It is found that many of these topologies can be implemented by combining a 2-terminal or 3-terminal boost ICS cell with DC-DC converter along with an energy storage capacitor in between. A general rule is observed that translates a 3-terminal ICS cell to a 2-terminal ICS cell using an additional winding from the transformer and vice versa. According to the translation rule, many of reported single-stage PFC topologies can be viewed as electrically equivalent to one another. Several new PFC converters were derived from some existing topologies using the translation rule.
277 citations
"Single-Stage Single-Switch PFC Flyb..." refers background in this paper
...In the DCM of the boost inductor, low line current harmonic distortions are achieved because of the inherent property of the DCM boost converter to draw a near sinusoidal current if its duty cycle is held relatively constant during a half line cycle, as compared to operation in the CCM with a variable duty cycle [8]....
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TL;DR: A novel power-factor-corrected single-stage alternating current/direct current converter for inductive charging of electric vehicle batteries is introduced that uses the current-source characteristic of the series-parallel topology to provide power-Factor correction over a wide output power range from zero to full load.
Abstract: A novel power-factor-corrected single-stage alternating current/direct current converter for inductive charging of electric vehicle batteries is introduced. The resonant converter uses the current-source characteristic of the series-parallel topology to provide power-factor correction over a wide output power range from zero to full load. Some design guidelines for this converter are outlined. An approximate small-signal model of the converter is also presented. Experimental results verify the operation of the new converter
193 citations
23 Feb 1997
TL;DR: In this article, a single-stage, single-switch, input-current shaping (S/sup 4/ICS) technique which combines the boost-like input current shaper with a continuous-conduction-mode DC/DC output stage is described.
Abstract: A new single-stage, single-switch, input-current shaping (S/sup 4/ICS) technique which combines the boost-like input-current shaper with a continuous-conduction-mode DC/DC output stage is described. In this technique, the boost inductor can operate in both the discontinuous and continuous conduction modes. Due to the ability to keep a relatively low voltage (<450 Vdc) on the energy-storage capacitor, this technique is suitable for the universal line voltage applications. The voltage on the energy-storage capacitor is kept within the desirable range by the addition of two transformer windings. The principle of operation of the S/sup 4/ICS circuit with forward DC/DC converter is presented. Experimental results obtained on a 100-W (5-V/20-A) prototype circuit are also given.
175 citations
"Single-Stage Single-Switch PFC Flyb..." refers background or result in this paper
...The induced voltages across windings N1 and N2 oppose the rectified line voltage when the boost inductor current iLb flows through them, and the volt-second balance law of the boost inductor Lb is achieved at a substantially lower dc-link voltage compared to the other known approaches [6]....
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...Therefore, to keep relatively low dc-link voltage in the entire line voltage and load ranges, several single-stage circuits have been introduced [6]–[14]....
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...Single-stage PFC flyback converter [6]....
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