‘Sis Science’ and Fitness Doping: Ethnopharmacology, Gender and Risk
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated recent changes in the demographic of fitness doping and the possible consequences of such changes. But they did not consider the effect of these changes on fitness doping.
Abstract: This article is part of a larger investigation looking into recent changes in the demographics of fitness doping and the possible consequences of such changes. Contesting the historical alliance be ...
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors outline various spatial and temporal aspects of medical or public-health related calls for service from the public to police in Philadelphia in 2019 and show that these incidents comprise about 8% of the police department's workload.
Abstract: This contribution outlines various spatial and temporal aspects of medical or public-health related calls for service from the public to police in Philadelphia in 2019. These incidents comprise about 8% of the police department’s workload that originates from the public. Calls appear to be highly concentrated in a few areas, and specifically the Center City and Kensington neighborhoods. They are also more likely to occur late afternoon and evening. The article shows that some medical or public health activity initially masquerades as crime or other policing work and some events eventually determined to be police/crime activity can initially appear to be public health related. About 20% of activity in this area does not appear predictable from the initial call type as handled by police dispatch.
16 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that formal harm reduction focused on the health and needs of those who use IPEDs offers an environment in which safer use is supported and promoted.
Abstract: Policies and approaches addressing image and performance enhancing drug (IPED) use in the gym and fitness context, also known as fitness doping, vary widely by country. Fitness doping, and those wh...
15 citations
Cites background from "‘Sis Science’ and Fitness Doping: E..."
...In response, many turn to online communities for support and advice on safer use – environments that enable fitness doping (see Andreasson & Johansson, 2016; Dunn et al., 2017; Henning & Andreasson, 2019; Smith & Stewart, 2012; Sverkersson et al., 2020)....
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TL;DR: Of key concern from this study is that within a vacuum of harm reduction advice, women are reported to be accepting DNP advice circulating in male-dominated forums and adopting the protocols of male bodybuilders with potentially fatal consequences.
7 citations
DOI•
01 Jan 2021TL;DR: In this article, a phenomenological study based on the reflective lifeworld research (RLR) approach was conducted with twelve women, aged 21-56 years, about their experiences of using anabolic androgenic steroids and found that women experience a sense of pride when they successfully achieve their goals.
Abstract: Anabolic androgenic steroids are used by women to increase their muscle mass and because of their performance-enhancing effects. Despite permanent/high risk of side effects, knowledge is inadequate. Our aim has been to deepen understanding about women´s use of anabolic androgenic steroids. This phenomenological study is based on the reflective lifeworld research (RLR) approach. Lifeworld interviews were conducted with twelve women, aged 21-56 years, about their experiences of using anabolic steroids. The results show that women experience a sense of pride when they successfully achieve their goals. This is the driving force, triggering tension between suffering and success. Our research adds important knowledge from a reflective lifeworld perspective and shows that women´s use of anabolic androgenic steroids is a complex phenomenon. Understanding and knowledge are important in order to be able to meet and support women in their fears and difficulties.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors analyse women's narratives and how these relate to hegemonic gender configurations as regards doping and the doped female body in an online forum and show how women entering the forum are encouraged to present their doping experiences and trajectories following a certain template through which lifestyle choices, diet, bodily ambitions and more are explicitly addressed.
Abstract: This article aims to describe and analyse how female doping users discuss their doping practices and interact with other community members in an online forum. The article analyses women’s narratives and how these relate to hegemonic gender configurations as regards doping and the doped female body. Analytically, the concept of hegemonic masculinity is used to approach notions of doped bodies and to investigate how women meet and possibly resist dominant gender hierarchies through doping use. The article utilises a netnographic approach to the research and data is based on discussion threads started by 45 women on a Swedish website and forum called Flashback. The results show how women entering the forum are encouraged to present their doping experiences and trajectories following a certain template through which lifestyle choices, diet, bodily ambitions, and more are explicitly addressed. Even though following the template and thereby using the correct and culturally accepted form for communication, the content is valued on the basis of hegemonic conceptualisations and understandings, which in itself results in women’s rationales and goals often being downplayed by male commentators. Accordingly, the women’s chances of establishing a space within the community, as fully accepted members, are limited. The women describe how their doping narratives are challenged based on their being women, in a way that has no equivalent for male members. In response to such criticism, some women decide to opt out of the forum, while others respond to the criticisms directed toward women, challenging the heteronormative and masculine hegemony.
5 citations
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TL;DR: The concept of hegemonic masculinity has influenced gender studies across many academic fields but has also attracted serious criticism as mentioned in this paper, and the authors trace the origin of the concept in a convergence of ideas and map the ways it was applied when research on men and masculinities expanded.
Abstract: The concept of hegemonic masculinity has influenced gender studies across many academic fields but has also attracted serious criticism. The authors trace the origin of the concept in a convergence of ideas in the early 1980s and map the ways it was applied when research on men and masculinities expanded. Evaluating the principal criticisms, the authors defend the underlying concept of masculinity, which in most research use is neither reified nor essentialist. However, the criticism of trait models of gender and rigid typologies is sound. The treatment of the subject in research on hegemonic masculinity can be improved with the aid of recent psychological models, although limits to discursive flexibility must be recognized. The concept of hegemonic masculinity does not equate to a model of social reproduction; we need to recognize social struggles in which subordinated masculinities influence dominant forms. Finally, the authors review what has been confirmed from early formulations (the idea of multiple...
6,922 citations
Book•
22 Dec 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, full procedural guidelines for the accurate and ethical conduct of ethnographic research online are set out, with detailed, step-by-step guidance to thoroughly introduce, explain, and illustrate the method to students and researchers.
Abstract: This exciting new text is the first to explore the discipline of Netnography the conduct of ethnography over the internet a method specifically designed to study cultures and communities online. For the first time, full procedural guidelines for the accurate and ethical conduct of ethnographic research online are set out, with detailed, step-by-step guidance to thoroughly introduce, explain, and illustrate the method to students and researchers. The author also surveys the latest research on online cultures and communities, focusing on the methods used to study them, with examples focusing on the new elements and contingencies of the blogosphere (blogging), microblogging, videocasting, podcasting, social networking sites, virtual worlds, and more.
1,387 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of ethnographic research on the Internet and computer-mediated communication is presented, where the authors show how the online environment requires adjustments in how ethnographers define the setting of their research, conduct participant observation and interviews, obtain access to settings and research subjects, and deal with the ethical dilemmas posed by the medium.
Abstract: In this article we review ethnographic research on the Internet and computer-mediated communication. The technologically mediated environment prevents researchers from directly observing research participants and often makes the interaction anonymous. In addition, in the online environment direct interaction with participants is replaced by computer-screen data that are largely textual, but may include combinations of textual, visual, aural, and kinetic components. We show how the online environment requires adjustments in how ethnographers define the setting of their research, conduct participant observation and interviews, obtain access to settings and research subjects, and deal with the ethical dilemmas posed by the medium.
465 citations
TL;DR: "Fitspiration" websites are a source of messages that reinforce over-valuation of physical appearance, eating concerns, and excessive exercise and further research is needed to examine the impact viewing such content has on participants' psychological health.
156 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore how self-injurers, a group of deviants who primarily were loners, now use the Internet to form subcultural and collegial relations.
Abstract: We explore how self-injurers, a group of deviants who primarily were loners, now use the Internet to form subcultural and collegial relations. Drawing on virtual participant-observation in cyber self-injury groups, over eighty face-to-face and telephone in-depth interviews, and over ten thousand e-mail postings to groups and bulletin boards, we describe and analyze the online subcultures of self-injurers. Via the Web, they have become cyber “colleagues,” simultaneously enacting two deviant organizational forms and challenging the idea that deviant loners can exist in a cyber society. We further analyze these individuals and their interactions to compare and contrast the venues that they use, the communities and relationships that they form, and their relation to real life. We contribute to symbolic interactionism through our social constructionist stance toward the creation of virtual communities and relationships, our focus on identity and stigma, our view of social organization as grounded in the panoply of human interpersonal relationships, our contrast of the competing reality claims posed by virtual as opposed to the solid world, and our discussion of the modern versus postmodern self.
126 citations