Smart urban parking detection system
01 Jan 2016-pp 370-373
TL;DR: This paper proposes a novel solution by providing motorists with real-time information about the availability of spots in parking spaces through a smartphone application, designed for different types of parking zone.
Abstract: Nowadays in an urban area, looking for available parking spots, is not only a waste of time and energy but also it causes more traffic and air pollution. Therefore finding available parking spots is becoming more challenging on daily life. This paper proposes a novel solution by providing motorists with real-time information about the availability of spots in parking spaces through a smartphone application. Ultrasonic sensors and raspberry pi were used at the gates of parking zones to detect cars and calculate the number of available parking spots. Client web server was used to accommodate multiple users in an android platform. Drivers can see available parking spots in real time on a map, they also can get navigate to nearest available parking spots using the mobile application. The parking system is designed for different types of parking zone (such as open space car parking and multilevel car parking); the cost of deploying the system is inexpensive due to the low demand for Raspberry pi single board computer as a local server and ultrasonic sensors for each entrance and exit gates compared to those that require a sensor for each parking spot.
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TL;DR: This paper identifies the most used types of every component and highlights usage trends in the established analysis period and determines a guide of complementary features from the type of components that should be considered when implementing a smart parking solution.
Abstract: The development and high growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) have improved quality of life and strengthened different areas in society. Many cities worldwide are looking forward to becoming smart. One of the most popular use cases in smart cities is the implementation of smart parking solutions, as they allow people to optimize time, reduce fuel consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions. Smart parking solutions have a defined architecture with particular components (sensors, communication protocols, and software solutions). Although there are only three components that compose a smart parking solution, it is important to mention that each component has many types that can be used in the deployment of these solutions. This paper identifies the most used types of every component and highlights usage trends in the established analysis period. It provides a complementary perspective and represents a very useful source of information. The scientific community could use this information to decide regarding the selection of types of components to implement a smart parking solution. For this purpose, herein we review several works related to smart parking solutions deployment. To achieve this goal, a semi-cyclic adaptation of the action research methodology combined with a systematic review is used to select papers related to the subject of study. The most relevant papers were reviewed to identify subcategories for each component; these classifications are presented in tables to mark the relevance of each paper accordingly. Trends of usage in terms of sensors, protocols and software solutions are analyzed and discussed in every section. In addition to the trends of usage, this paper determines a guide of complementary features from the type of components that should be considered when implementing a smart parking solution.
59 citations
TL;DR: The surveying of recent research in this area can support a better understanding of smart-city solutions based on popular platforms such as Raspberry Pi, BeagleBoard and Arduino, as presented in this article.
Abstract: With the increasing availability of affordable open-source embedded hardware platforms, the development of low-cost programmable devices for uncountable tasks has accelerated in recent years. In this sense, the large development community that is being created around popular platforms is also contributing to the construction of Internet of Things applications, which can ultimately support the maturation of the smart-cities era. Popular platforms such as Raspberry Pi, BeagleBoard and Arduino come as single-board open-source platforms that have enough computational power for different types of smart-city applications, while keeping affordable prices and encompassing many programming libraries and useful hardware extensions. As a result, smart-city solutions based on such platforms are becoming common and the surveying of recent research in this area can support a better understanding of this scenario, as presented in this article. Moreover, discussions about the continuous developments in these platforms can also indicate promising perspectives when using these boards as key elements to build smart cities.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive study, comparison and extensive analysis of smart parking systems in terms of technological approach, sensors utilized, networking technologies, user interface, computational approaches, and service provided is provided.
40 citations
01 Jun 2021
TL;DR: An IoT Raspberry Pi-based parking management system (IoT-PiPMS) to help staff/students to easily find available parking spots with real-time vision and GPS coordinates, all by means of a smartphone application.
Abstract: Parking slots have become a widespread problem in urban development. In this context, the growth of vehicles inside the university's campus is rapidly outpacing the available parking spots for students and staff as well. This issue can be mitigated by the introduction of parking management for the smart campus which targets to assist individually match drivers to vacant parking slots, saving time, enhance parking space utilization, decrease management costs, and alleviate traffic congestion. This paper develops an IoT Raspberry Pi-based parking management system (IoT-PiPMS) to help staff/students to easily find available parking spots with real-time vision and GPS coordinates, all by means of a smartphone application. Our system composes of Raspberry Pi 4 B+ (RPi) embedded computer, Pi camera module, GPS sensor, and ultrasonic sensors. In the IoT-PiPMS, RPi 4 B+ is used to gather and process data input from the sensors/camera, and the data is uploaded via Wi-Fi to the Blynk IoT server. Ultrasonic sensors and LEDs are exploited to detect the occupancy of the parking spots with the support of the Pi camera to ensure data accuracy. Besides, the GPS module is installed in the system to guide drivers to locate parking areas through the Blynk App. that discovers parking spaces availability over the Internet. The system prototype is fabricated and tested practically to prove its functionality and applicability. According to the results, the IoT-PiPMS can effectively monitor the occupancy of outdoor parking spaces in the smart campus environment, and its potency in terms of updating the data to the IoT server in real-time is also validated..
18 citations
01 Apr 2019
TL;DR: This study develops an ultrasonic sensor system that can be used to determine the number, type, and speed of car vehicles passing a point over some specified time period using two ultrasonic sensors and a microcontroller equipped with data logging shield.
Abstract: This study develops an ultrasonic sensor system that can be used to determine the number, type, and speed of car vehicles passing a point over some specified time period. The proposed system consists of two ultrasonic sensors and a microcontroller equipped with data logging shield. The data were recorded and then analyzed using a computer program written in Java. Actual experiments that have been conducted indicates that this system can give a correct number of vehicles in a given interval of time.
16 citations
References
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TL;DR: Parking policy is one of the key links between transport and land-use policy as discussed by the authors, and parking policies are often compromised in their effectiveness due to the perceived tension between three of the objectives that parking supports: regeneration, restraint and revenue.
309 citations
23 Oct 2014
TL;DR: Low-cost non-intrusive sensory that can collect traffic data based on Raspberry Pi single board computer and low-power consumption ensures possibility to operate from battery for an extended period of time.
Abstract: This paper introduces low-cost non-intrusive sensory that can collect traffic data based on Raspberry Pi single board computer. Image information acquired by Raspberry Pi HD camera module is analyzed for moving objects presence. After evaluation of detected object count, size, class and motion vector object properties are sent to server node by RF transceiver. Sensor low-power consumption ensures possibility to operate from battery for an extended period of time.
42 citations
"Smart urban parking detection syste..." refers background in this paper
...Raspberry Pi is single board computer which is affordable, inexpensive, high speed, low power consumption (5V), and quite small [4]....
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Patent•
11 Aug 1988
TL;DR: In this article, an ultrasonic distance sensor with a single ultrasonic transmitting and receiving element to measure proximate distances such as vehicle floor heights or distances to obstacles or pedestrians approaching relative to a vehicle is presented.
Abstract: An ultrasonic distance sensor transmitting from and receiving an ultrasonic wave with a single ultrasonic transmitting and receiving element to measure proximate distances such as vehicle floor heights or distances to obstacles or pedestrians approaching relative to a vehicle. The ultrasonic transmitting and receiving element is accommodated by means of a resilient member having beads, under pressure in a casing and secured therein, thus attenuating residual vibration which disturbs accurate measurement of the proximate distances. The beads also serve to prevent water from invading into the case. The sensor incorporates a protection circuit for preventing burn-out of an output transistor due to accidental prolonged transmission.
33 citations
19 Dec 2013
TL;DR: The application described here is characterized by some novel aspects: a QR code can be used to identify the parking spot, and to trigger the parking process, and global information on parking occupancy can be made available to other applications to better manage services of public utility.
Abstract: In urban areas, finding a convenient place for car parking may determine a significant waste of energy, as well as environmental pollution. The introduction of proper software tools can indeed contribute to limit the environmental impact of inefficient car parking. By making use of a mobile application and a corresponding adequate information system, it is possible both to speed up the car parking process (from the user viewpoint), and to improve the parking areas' management. The application described here is characterized by some novel aspects: i) a QR code can be used to identify the parking spot, and to trigger the parking process; ii) a parking spot can be possibly reserved; iii) global information on parking occupancy can be made available to other applications to better manage services of public utility (e.g., urban traffic control). The benefits from the adoption of the proposed solution can be regarded as a small yet fundamental step toward a more sustainable approach to living in urban areas.
19 citations
"Smart urban parking detection syste..." refers methods in this paper
...After choosing each pin, the driver will be navigated to the destination by the application [8], see Figure 4 ( c)....
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01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: A mobile app may be a viable option to address the challenge of not having enough parking in the event of a large number of people using the vehicle.
Abstract: People are using cars for transportation every day all over the world. This leads to a constant demand for parking. In public areas there are usually designated places for parking that many people ...
5 citations