Snake venom neutralization by Indian medicinal plants (Vitex negundo and Emblica officinalis ) root extracts
TL;DR: The methanolic root extracts of Vitex negundo Linn.
About: This article is published in Journal of Ethnopharmacology.The article was published on 2003-05-01. It has received 221 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Vitex negundo & Antivenom.
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TL;DR: Protective activity of plants-Aristolochia indica, Hemidesmus indicus, Gloriosa superba, Strychnos nux-vomica, Eclipta prostrata, and Andrographis paniculata against the lethal action of snake venom and need further investigation.
271 citations
TL;DR: A reliable and feasible HPLC method with diode array detection has been developed and it is found that the Emblica fruit contains ascorbic acid and that the Ayurvedic method of processing increases the healthy characteristics of the fruit thanks to a higher antioxidant activity and a higher content of ascorBic acid.
205 citations
Cites background from "Snake venom neutralization by India..."
...…chromium (Sai Ram et al., 2003), protects against oxidative stress in ischemic-reperfusion injury (Rajak et al., 2004), shows antivenom capacity (Alam and Gomes, 2003), ameliorates hyperthyroidism and hepatic lipid peroxidation (Panda and Kar, 2003), displays antiproliferative activity on MCF7…...
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TL;DR: The results suggest that AgNPs may exert its antiproliferative effects on colon cancer cell line by suppressing its growth, arresting the G0/G1-phase, reducing DNA synthesis and inducing apoptosis.
153 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The present review has been focussed on the varied folk and traditional herbs and their antisnake venom compounds, which might be a stepping stone in establishing the future therapy against snake bite treatment and management.
Abstract: Snake bite, a major socio-medical problem of south east asian countries is still depending on the usage of antisera as the one and only source of treatment, which has its own limitations. In India, mostly in rural areas, health centres are inadequate and the snake bite victims mostly depend on traditional healers and herbal antidotes, as an alternative treatment. The present review has been focussed on the varied folk and traditional herbs and their antisnake venom compounds, which might be a stepping stone in establishing the future therapy against snake bite treatment and management.
145 citations
TL;DR: This community carries a vast knowledge of medicinal plants but as snake charming is banned in India as part of efforts to protect India's steadily depleting wildlife, this knowledge is also rapidly disappearing in this community.
Abstract: Plants have traditionally been used as a source of medicine in India by indigenous people of different ethnic groups inhabiting various terrains for the control of various ailments afflicting human and their domestic animals. The indigenous community of snake charmers belongs to the 'Nath' community in India have played important role of healers in treating snake bite victims. Snake charmers also sell herbal remedies for common ailments. In the present paper an attempt has been made to document on ethno botanical survey and traditional medicines used by snake charmers of village Khetawas located in district Jhajjar of Haryana, India as the little work has been made in the past to document the knowledge from this community. Ethno botanical data and traditional uses of plants information was obtained by semi structured oral interviews from experienced rural folk, traditional herbal medicine practitioners of the 'Nath' community. A total of 42 selected inhabitants were interviewed, 41 were male and only one woman. The age of the healers was between 25 years and 75 years. The plant specimens were identified according to different references concerning the medicinal plants of Haryana and adjoining areas and further confirmation from Forest Research Institute, Dehradun. The present study revealed that the people of the snake charmer community used 57 medicinal plants species that belonged to 51 genera and 35 families for the treatment of various diseases. The study has brought to light that the main diseases treated by this community was snakebite in which 19 different types of medicinal plants belongs to 13 families were used. Significantly higher number of medicinal plants was claimed by men as compared to women. The highest numbers of medicinal plants for traditional uses utilized by this community were belonging to family Fabaceae. This community carries a vast knowledge of medicinal plants but as snake charming is banned in India as part of efforts to protect India's steadily depleting wildlife, this knowledge is also rapidly disappearing in this community. Such type of ethno botanical studies will help in systematic documentation of ethno botanical knowledge and availing to the scientific world plant therapies used as antivenin by the Saperas community.
145 citations
Cites background from "Snake venom neutralization by India..."
...Large numbers of plants along with different parts have been found to be effective as antidotes against snake venoms in various studies done in India [34-38]....
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...officinalis having significant neutralizing capacity against Viper russellii and Naja kaouthia venom [38]....
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References
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TL;DR: The few existing reports on the careful pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies which have been made have been summarized to provide a basis for a full-scale investigation of the therapeutic potential of flavonoids.
1,605 citations
827 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Methods have been developed for the assessment of lethal, defibrinogenating, procoagulant, haemorrhagic, and necrotizing properties of venoms, and used to study 53 venoms from 30 different species of snakes of medical importance throughout the world, which should result in the production of more potent antivenoms for use in both developing and developed countries.
Abstract: In accordance with the recommendations of the report of a WHO Coordination Meeting on Venoms and Antivenoms, methods have been developed for the assessment of lethal, defibrinogenating, procoagulant, haemorrhagic, and necrotizing properties of venoms, and used to study 53 venoms from 30 different species of snakes of medical importance throughout the world The venoms studied included Echis carinatus (Iran), Naja naja kaouthia (Thailand), Notechis scutatus (Australia), Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Japan), Vipera russelli (Thailand), and Crotalus atrox (USA), which comprise six of the eight venoms designated by WHO as international reference venoms (IRVs) (C atrox venom replaced C adamanteus venom, as an adequate supply of the latter was not available) The tests used were simple and should be reproducible in other laboratories throughout the world Procedures for assaying neuromuscular paralytic activity and systemic myotoxic activity have yet to be developedThe tests will be used to assay the neutralizing potency of both international standard antivenoms (raised using the IRVs) and new and currently available commercial antivenoms Such studies should result in the production of more potent antivenoms for use in both developing and developed countries, and improve the understanding and management of snake bite throughout the world
564 citations
"Snake venom neutralization by India..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The minimum clotting dose of plasma (MCDP) was determined as described by Theakston and Reid (1983). Neutralization of this activity was estimated by mixing different amount of venom, with a fixed amount of plant extract, incubating for 1 h at 37 ◦C....
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...) into mice results in a haemorrhagic lesion of 10 mm diameter 24 h later) was measured (Theakston and Reid, 1983)....
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...into mice causes incoagulable blood 1 h later (Theakston and Reid, 1983)....
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...2 ml physiological saline into tail vein of male albino mice 18–20 g (Theakston and Reid, 1983)....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results indicate that the antioxidant activity of E. officinalis may reside in the tannoids of the fruits of the plant, which have vitamin C-like properties, rather than vitamin C itself.
Abstract: The antioxidant activity of tannoid active principles of £. oJJicinalis consisti ng of emblicanin A (37%), emblicanin B (33%). punigluconin ( 12%) and pedunculagin ( 14%), was investigated on th e basis of th eir effects on rat brain fron tal corti cal and striatal concentrat io ns of the oxid ati ve free radical scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and g lutathione perox id ase (GPX), and lip id peroxidation, in te rm s of thiobarbituric acid-reactive products. T he results were' compared with effects induced by depreny l, a selective monoamine oxid ase (MAO) B inhibit or with well documented antiox id ant activity. T he active tannoids of E. oJJicinalis (EaT), administered in th e doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. i.p .. and deprenyl (2 mg/kg, i.p.), induced an increase in both frontal cort ical and striatal SOD, CAT and GPX ac ti vit y, with concomit ant decrease in lipid peroxidation in these brain areas when administered o nce da il y for 7 days. Acute s in gle administrati on of EaT and deprenyl had in s ignificant effects. The result s a lso i di cate that th e an tioxidant acti vit y of £. ojJicinalis may reside in the tan noids of the fruit s o f th e plant, which have vita min C- li ke properties. rather th an vitamin C it self. Embli ca officinalis Gaertn., kn own as amla, a member of a small gen us Emblica (family Euphorbiaceae), is extensively found a ll over India, as well as Sri lanka, Malaya, China, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The fruits of th e plant have been used in Ayurv eda as a potent rasayana l ,2. The rasayanas are used to promote health a nd longevity by increasing defence against disease, arresti ng the ag in g process and revit a li z in g the body in debilitated conditions 2 • T he c lini cal efficacy of the fruits of E. officinalis are he ld in hi gh esteem in Ayurveda and amla is referred to as a maha;asayana 2 • The fruits form th e maj or constitu ent of Chyavanprash awaleha, a poly herbal Ayurvedic rasayana preparation described in Charaka Samhita.l. This preparati on is widely Ll sed in thi s country for its preventive, curative and health restorative pro pe rti es. Ex perimenta l stud ies conducted with extracts of the fruit s of E. oflicinalis indicate that they have s ignifi cant cytoprotective effect against isoprena lin e-induced myocardial lI1Ju ry, radiation induced chromosomal damage and heavy metal induced hepatoxicity and nephrotoxic it/. C linical studies suggest that the fruits have anabol ic activit/. Experimenta l in vestigations on Chyavanprash have s hown th at it exhibits s ignificant adaptogenic,
310 citations