Social determinants and its influence on the prevalence of morbidity among adolescent girls.
01 Oct 2012-North American Journal of Medical Sciences (Medknow Publications)-Vol. 4, Iss: 10, pp 474-478
TL;DR: Significant association of morbidity was observed with caste, birth order, type of family, socioeconomic status (SES), living status with parents/guardian, and general personal hygiene in school-going adolescent girls of Lucknow district in north India.
Abstract: Background: The adolescent girls are more vulnerable, particularly in developing countries including India, due to various adverse socio-cultural and economic reasons. Majority of the health problems affecting adolescent girls are preventable by promotion of hygienic practices through proper health education by the teachers. Aim: This study was designed to examine the various factors influencing the prevalence of morbidity among school-going adolescent girls of Lucknow district in north India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in urban and rural schools of Lucknow district from 2008 to 2009. Multistage random sampling was used to select the requisite number of girls. A total of 847 adolescent girls between 10 and 19 years of age were interviewed, and information regarding their socio-demographic characteristics was collected and clinical examination was carried out. Statistical analyses were done using percentage and Chi-square test. Results: Of 847 adolescent girls, around 64.8% were found to be sick at the time of the study. Significant association of morbidity was observed with caste, birth order, type of family, socioeconomic status (SES), living status with parents/guardian, and general personal hygiene ( P Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of morbidity. A strong need exists for planning and programming intervention activities for health needs in the area.
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01 Oct 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the authors make the case for systematically adding education to age and sex as a third standard demographic dimension, and they directly address the question whether the pervasive association of education with demographic outcomes reflects a causal relationship.
Abstract: This paper makes the case for systematically adding education to age and sex as a third standard demographic dimension. It directly addresses the question whether the pervasive association of education with demographic outcomes reflects a causal relationship. Based on the notion of functional causality, the paper reviews theoretical and empirical approaches for assessing this question according to three criteria. It also explores possible alternative explanations such as reverse causality and self-selection, concluding that a functional causal relationship between education and health- and fertility-related outcomes is supported by the evidence. The paper then describes the book's expert argument-based approach for defining assumptions for population projections and compare this approach with how European national statistical offices now make and use their assumptions for population projections. Against this background the approach chosen for this study combines a structured substantive inquiry among hundreds of international experts with formal statistical models.
48 citations
TL;DR: SBCC by using infotainment in community perception and practices for adolescent health, nutrition, awareness about HIV/AIDS, and other RTI/STI was found effective in improving awareness amongst adolescent girls in High Priority Districts of Assam.
16 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The review revealed that adolescents in India are facing problems of sexually transmitted infections, dysmenorrhea, tobacco and alcohol use, depression, physical fights, worry, loneliness and oral health problems.
Abstract: Adolescence is a period in which all the habits and behaviour like high risk behaviour, substance abuse and eating habits develop that have lifelong impact. In India, programmes have been launched to address all the problems faced during adolescent period, still then adolescents are facing problems. In this review the problems faced by Indian adolescents were highlighted from the past 14 years’ studies. The studies were searched from 2001 to 2015 from Pub Med, Google scholar and other community medicine and public health related journals. The problems included were sexual health and teenage pregnancy, problems related to menstruation, illicit drugs, tobacco and alcohol use. Anaemia, eating problems, obesity, behavioural problems and oral health among adolescent were also reviewed. Nineteen abstracts and 52 full texts were available. Sexual health knowledge among adolescent varies from 41% to poor. Knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases and sexuality is less. Prevalence of dysmenorrhoea varies from 67.2% to 56.15% among adolescent girls. Prevalence of tobacco use varies from 25.1 to 12%. Prevalence of obesity varies from 3.4% to 0.35% and overweight varies from 5.5% to 5.84%. Prevalence of anaemia varies from 29% to 41.1%. Adolescents are facing depressive problems, physical fights, worry and loneliness. Prevalence of depression varies from 18.4% to 13.3%. Prevalence of dental problems varies from 18.2 to 41%. The review revealed that adolescents in India are facing problems of sexually transmitted infections, dysmenorrhea, tobacco and alcohol use, depression, physical fights, worry, loneliness and oral health problems. This needs a participation of family, community and government to resolve the issue.
7 citations
Cites background from "Social determinants and its influen..."
...Beena sachan et al [37] 2012 847 Teeth & gum problems 14....
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TL;DR: The assessment of hygiene and sanitation in urban slums is essential to identify adolescent health needs and a tool that comprised of three domains and thirteen variables including drinking water index, personal hygiene index, and household hygiene index was developed and tested among 60 households.
Abstract: The assessment of hygiene and sanitation in urban slums is essential to identify adolescent health needs. A tool that comprised of three domains and thirteen variables including drinking water index (DWI), personal hygiene index (PHI) and household hygiene index (HHI) was developed and tested among 60 households. Observations were repeated after 6 weeks. Cronbach9s alpha was used to test the reliability and Inter Class Correlation Coefficient was used to assess repeatability of the questionnaire. The tool was used to assess the personal hygiene of adolescent girls ( n = 565) and their household sanitation in nine slums of Pune city. Excellent reliability ( α = 0.9) was obtained for four variables, two observations obtained good ( α = 0.8), two scored acceptable ( α = 0.7) and one scored questionable ( α
6 citations
TL;DR: Depression increased significantly with increase in age and with lower socio-economic class, and overall thinness decreased significantly with attainment of higher socio- economic status, higher educational status and nuclear family.
5 citations
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01 Jan 1965
TL;DR: The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment as mentioned in this paper is a collection of published and unpublished papers on psychoanalysis and child development during the period 1957-1963, with the main theme of the carrying back of the application of Freud's theories to infancy.
Abstract: The collection of papers that forms The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment brings together Dr. Winnicott's published and unpublished papers on psychoanalysis and child development during the period 1957-1963. It has, as its main theme, the carrying back of the application of Freud's theories to infancy. Freud showed that psycho-neurosis has its point of origin in the interpersonal relationships of the first maturity, belonging to the toddler age. Dr Winnicott explores the idea that mental health disorders relate to failures of development in infancy. Without denying the importance of inheritance, he has developed the theory that schizophrenic illness shows up as the negative of processes that can be traced in detail as the positive processes of maturation in infancy and early childhood.
937 citations
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TL;DR: The genesis and evolution of the RCH programme followed by its objectives, strategies and components are traced and various mechanisms for the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the programme are discussed.
Abstract: Reproductive and Child Health Programme is an integrated and comprehensive programme based on realistic decentralised area specific microplanning tailored to meet the local needs. There is adequate emphasis on provision of good quality of services under the programme. The present paper traces the genesis and evolution of the RCH programme followed by its objectives, strategies and components. Various mechanisms for the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the programme are discussed. The programme is analysed critically and suggestions for improvement are provided.
14 citations
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10 citations