Social group memberships protect against future depression, alleviate depression symptoms and prevent depression relapse
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the number of groups that a person belongs to is a strong predictor of subsequent depression, and that the unfolding benefits of social group memberships are stronger among individuals who are depressed than among those who are non-depressed.
About: This article is published in Social Science & Medicine.The article was published on 2013-12-01. It has received 374 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Depression (differential diagnoses) & Social group.
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TL;DR: Evidence that social connectedness is key to understanding the development and resolution of clinical depression is presented, and an agenda for future research is presented to advance theoretical and empirical understanding of the link between social identity and depression.
Abstract: Social relationships play a key role in depression. This is apparent in its etiology, symptomatology, and effective treatment. However, there has been little consensus about the best way to conceptualize the link between depression and social relationships. Furthermore, the extensive social-psychological literature on the nature of social relationships, and in particular, research on social identity, has not been integrated with depression research. This review presents evidence that social connectedness is key to understanding the development and resolution of clinical depression. The social identity approach is then used as a basis for conceptualizing the role of social relationships in depression, operationalized in terms of six central hypotheses. Research relevant to these hypotheses is then reviewed. Finally, we present an agenda for future research to advance theoretical and empirical understanding of the link between social identity and depression, and to translate the insights of this approach into clinical practice.
329 citations
Cites background from "Social group memberships protect ag..."
...Finally, Cruwys et al. (2013) report findings from an epidemiological study with a representative sample of more than 4,000 British participants that explored (among other things) the relationship between group memberships and mental health....
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TL;DR: It is suggested that disruption to physical activity is a leading risk factor for depression during the pandemic and restoration of those habits-either naturally or through policy intervention-has limited impact on restoring mental well-being.
Abstract: Using a longitudinal dataset linking biometric and survey data from several cohorts of young adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic ([Formula: see text]), we document large disruptions to physical activity, sleep, time use, and mental health. At the onset of the pandemic, average steps decline from 10,000 to 4,600 steps per day, sleep increases by 25 to 30 min per night, time spent socializing declines by over half to less than 30 min, and screen time more than doubles to over 5 h per day. Over the course of the pandemic from March to July 2020 the proportion of participants at risk for clinical depression ranges from 46% to 61%, up to a 90% increase in depression rates compared to the same population just prior to the pandemic. Our analyses suggest that disruption to physical activity is a leading risk factor for depression during the pandemic. However, restoration of those habits through a short-term intervention does not meaningfully improve mental well-being.
324 citations
Cites result from "Social group memberships protect ag..."
...These findings are in line with research suggesting an association between exercise, social connectedness and mental health [Salmon, 2001, Ströhle, 2009, Byrne and Byrne, 1993, Chekroud et al., 2018, Cruwys et al., 2013]....
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TL;DR: G4H was found to significantly improve mental health, well-being, and social connectedness on all measures, both on program completion and 6-month follow-up, and showed that improvements in depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness, and life satisfaction were underpinned by participants' increased identification both with their G4H group and with multiple groups.
303 citations
Cites background or methods from "Social group memberships protect ag..."
..., 2010), mental health (Cruwys et al., 2013), cognitive health (Ertel et al....
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...G4H fills this gap, doing so by explicitly targeting social groups as a psychological resource that protects health through building and sustaining a person's sense of social identity, in ways suggested by previous research (Cruwys et al., 2013; Haslam et al., 2015c, 2009)....
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...The first is the well-established epidemiological literature that recognizes the social determinants of physical health (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010), mental health (Cruwys et al., 2013), cognitive health (Ertel et al., 2009), and wellbeing (Helliwell et al., 2013)....
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TL;DR: The findings reveal that the personal benefits of social groups come not only from their ability to make people feel good, but also from theirAbility to makePeople feel capable and in control of their lives.
Abstract: There is growing recognition that identification with social groups can protect and enhance health and well-being, thereby constituting a kind of "social cure." The present research explores the role of control as a novel mediator of the relationship between shared group identity and well-being. Five studies provide evidence for this process. Group identification predicted significantly greater perceived personal control across 47 countries (Study 1), and in groups that had experienced success and failure (Study 2). The relationship was observed longitudinally (Study 3) and experimentally (Study 4). Manipulated group identification also buffered a loss of personal control (Study 5). Across the studies, perceived personal control mediated social cure effects in political, academic, community, and national groups. The findings reveal that the personal benefits of social groups come not only from their ability to make people feel good, but also from their ability to make people feel capable and in control of their lives.
302 citations
TL;DR: Social participation may decrease the risk of incident functional disability in older people in Japan and may be strengthened by participation in a variety of different types of organizations.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined the relationship between incident functional disability and social participation from the perspective of number of types of organizations participated in and type of social participation in a prospective cohort study. METHOD: The study was based on the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study (AGES) Cohort Study data. We followed 13,310 individuals aged 65 years or older for 4 years. Analysis was carried out on 12,951 subjects, excluding 359 people whose information on age or sex was missing. Social participation was categorized into 8 types. RESULTS: Compared to those that did not participate in any organizations, the hazard ratio (HR) was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73-0.95) for participation in one, 0.72 (0.61-0.85) for participation in two, and 0.57 (0.46-0.70) for participation in three or more different types of organizations. In multivariable adjusted models, participation in the following types of organization was protective for incident disability: local community organizations (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.96), hobby organizations (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64-0.87), and sports organizations (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.54-0.81). CONCLUSION: Social participation may decrease the risk of incident functional disability in older people in Japan. This effect may be strengthened by participation in a variety of different types of organizations. Participating in a local community, hobby, or sports group or organization may be especially effective for decreasing the risk of disability.
244 citations
Cites background from "Social group memberships protect ag..."
...Studies that did examine the effects of participation according to different types of organizations showed that participation in multiple organizations may have a protective effect on depression, [15], well-being, [16] and oral health status, [17]....
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...Participation in multiple organizations may have a protective effect on depression, [15], well-being, [16] and oral health status, [17], while having a role within the organization may reduce the risk of mental health problems, [18]....
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...Previous studies have suggested that social participation may lower the risk of all-cause mortality, [4]–[8], cardiovascular mortality, [7], all circulatory system disease mortality, [8], noncancer and non-circulatory system disease mortality, [8], acute myocardial infarction, [9], incident disability, [10], [11], motor decline, [12], cognitive decline, [7], [13], and depressive symptoms, [14], [15]....
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References
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TL;DR: The CES-D scale as discussed by the authors is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population, which has been used in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings.
Abstract: The CES-D scale is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population. The items of the scale are symptoms associated with depression which have been used in previously validated longer scales. The new scale was tested in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings. It was found to have very high internal consistency and adequate test- retest repeatability. Validity was established by pat terns of correlations with other self-report measures, by correlations with clinical ratings of depression, and by relationships with other variables which support its construct validity. Reliability, validity, and factor structure were similar across a wide variety of demographic characteristics in the general population samples tested. The scale should be a useful tool for epidemiologic studies of de pression.
48,339 citations
"Social group memberships protect ag..." refers background in this paper
...This is a standardized scalewith established reliability and validity in identifying clinically depressed people in community samples (Beekman et al., 1997; Radloff, 1977; Turvey, Wallace, & Herzog, 1999)....
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Book•
01 Jan 1991TL;DR: In this article, the effects of predictor scaling on the coefficients of regression equations are investigated. But, they focus mainly on the effect of predictors scaling on coefficients of regressions.
Abstract: Introduction Interactions between Continuous Predictors in Multiple Regression The Effects of Predictor Scaling on Coefficients of Regression Equations Testing and Probing Three-Way Interactions Structuring Regression Equations to Reflect Higher Order Relationships Model and Effect Testing with Higher Order Terms Interactions between Categorical and Continuous Variables Reliability and Statistical Power Conclusion Some Contrasts Between ANOVA and MR in Practice
27,897 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2000TL;DR: Putnam as mentioned in this paper showed that changes in work, family structure, age, suburban life, television, computers, women's roles and other factors are isolating Americans from each other in a trend whose reflection can clearly be seen in British society.
Abstract: BOWLING ALONE warns Americans that their stock of "social capital", the very fabric of their connections with each other, has been accelerating down. Putnam describes the resulting impoverishment of their lives and communities. Drawing on evidence that includes nearly half a million interviews conducted over a quarter of a century in America, Putnam shows how changes in work, family structure, age, suburban life, television, computers, women's roles and other factors are isolating Americans from each other in a trend whose reflection can clearly be seen in British society. We sign 30 percent fewer petitions than we did ten years ago. Membership in organisations- from the Boy Scouts to political parties and the Church is falling. Ties with friends and relatives are fraying: we're 35 percent less likely to visit our neighbours or have dinner with our families than we were thirty years ago. We watch sport alone instead of with our friends. A century ago, American citizens' means of connecting were at a low point after decades of urbanisation, industrialisation and immigration uprooted them from families and friends. That generation demonstrated a capacity for renewal by creating the organisations that pulled Americans together. Putnam shows how we can learn from them and reinvent common enterprises that will make us secure, productive, happy and hopeful.
24,532 citations
01 Jan 2001
14,106 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-categorization theory is proposed to discover the social group and the importance of social categories in the analysis of social influence, and the Salience of social Categories is discussed.
Abstract: 1. Introducing the Problem: Individual and Group 2. Rediscovering the Social Group 3. A Self-Categorization Theory 4. The Analysis of Social Influence 5. Social Identity 6. The Salience of Social Categories 7. Social Identity and Group Polarization 8. Crowd Behaviour as Social Action 9. Conclusion.
8,872 citations