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Journal Article•DOI•

Social History of Engineering

M. Postan
01 Sep 1961-Nature (Nature Publishing Group)-Vol. 191, Iss: 4792, pp 946-947
TL;DR: A Social History of Engineering By W. H. G. Armytage as discussed by the authors, Pp. 378, p. 42s. (Faber and Faber, 1961)
Abstract: A Social History of Engineering By W. H. G. Armytage. Pp. 378. (Faber and Faber, 1961.) 42s.
Citations
More filters
Proceedings Article•DOI•
A historical overview of recent developments in the search for a philosophy of engineering education

[...]

John Heywood1•
Trinity College, Dublin1
12 Oct 2011
TL;DR: The substantial interest in philosophy and engineering and the application of philosophy to engineering education that has emerged in the last five years is summarized and some recent developments in the teaching of ethics to engineering students are discussed.
Abstract: The origins of this historical overview are summarized; namely, the substantial interest in philosophy and engineering and the application of philosophy to engineering education that has emerged in the last five years. Engineering faces a number of identity crises not least among them are on the one hand how it differs if at all from applied science, and on the other hand how it differs from technology. Related to this is the problem of the public identity of engineering and the influence that engineers are able to wield on public policy. Another crisis relates to the engineers role. Is an engineer a scientist or manager? A related question that has a special bearing on education is the relative status assigned to science when compared with design. Attempts to develop a philosophy of engineering are summarized. The argument that engineering educators should have a defensible philosophy of education is summarized, and the value of screening aims and objectives demonstrated. Arguments for teaching engineering students are summarized, more particularly those that advocate the teaching of the philosophical method as an aid to learning engineering on the one hand, and those that programs focused in one way or another on the teaching of philosophy per se. Finally, some recent developments in the teaching of ethics to engineering students are discussed and the recent interest in moral development following Kohlberg's theory is noted.

20 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
The Development of Costing in the British Chemical Industry, c. 1870 – c. 1940

[...]

Trevor Boyns, Mark Matthews, John Richard Edwards
01 Jan 2004-Accounting and Business Research
TL;DR: In this paper, the chemical industry was examined and contrasted with the issues surrounding costing discussed in relevant contemporary literature, and the authors provided a different perspective on the source of ideas surrounding certain costing techniques in Britain, not least, standard costing.
Abstract: In order to add to a steadily growing body of knowledge on the development of costing in British firms during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, this paper focuses on the chemical industry, one of the ‘new’ industries of the ‘second industrial revolution’. Through an examination of the archival records of a small sample of firms, the development of costing practice is examined and contrasted with the issues surrounding costing discussed in the relevant contemporary literature. The paper therefore throws light on the nature of the process of accounting change and, by examining an industry outside of the staple trades, such as coal or iron and steel, and mechanical engineering, provides a different perspective on the source of ideas surrounding certain costing techniques in Britain — not least, standard costing.

19 citations

Cites background from "Social History of Engineering"

  • ...’ Armytage (1976), for example, takes a broad view of the engineering profession, suggesting that it extends well beyond mechanical engineers....

    [...]

  • ...Thus, of the articles referred to in Table I, Pulford (1927) was an address originally delivered to the Chemical Section of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, Staniforth ( 1929) was printed by permission of the author and the Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland, and Odling (1937) was a paper read to a joint meeting of the Chemical Engineering Group and the Institute of Chemical Engineers....

    [...]

  • ...Although the Institution of Chemical Engineers was not founded until December 1922 (Armytage, L1 1976: 254), as early as 1875 it was claimed that there existed, within the alkali industry, a recognisable managerial group of chemists whose functions were largely to monitor and report on production, yield and cost (Morrison, 1875)....

    [...]

  • ...…Beilby’s call was perhaps somewhat ironic in that, before a last minute change of heart, possibly reflecting the then low status of chemical engineers, the founders of the Society, amongst which was Ludwig Mond, had intended to use the name, the Society of Chemical Engineers (Armytage, 1976: 214)....

    [...]

  • ...22 Beilby’s call was perhaps somewhat ironic in that, before a last minute change of heart, possibly reflecting the then low status of chemical engineers, the founders of the Society, amongst which was Ludwig Mond, had intended to use the name, the Society of Chemical Engineers (Armytage, 1976: 214)....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
The Origins of Systemic Reform in American Higher Education, 1895–1920:

[...]

Ethan W. Ris1•
University of Nevada, Reno1
01 Oct 2018-Teachers College Record
TL;DR: The traditional literature on the history of higher education in the United States focuses on linear explanations of the inexorable growth of the size, mission, and importance of the higher education system as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Background/ContextThe traditional literature on the history of higher education in the United States focuses on linear explanations of the inexorable growth of the size, mission, and importance of ...

17 citations

Dissertation•
"It's Like All of Campus Life Inside a Little Classroom": How an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) Program Operates within a University Setting

[...]

Neal A. Smithwick
03 Sep 2014

12 citations

Cites background from "Social History of Engineering"

  • ...In 1818, the Institute of Civil Engineers was founded, convened by H. R. Palmer (Armytage, 1961: 122; Buchanan, 1989: 14)....

    [...]

  • ...Hence the absolute necessity of his possessing both practiced and theoretical knowledge” (Armytage, 1961: 122-3)....

    [...]

  • ...The Institute of Builders was founded in 1834, followed by many other newly emerging occupations organizing themselves into associations, such as the Institute of Architects in 1837, the Institute of Surveyors in 1868, and the Institute of Bankers in 1879 (Armytage, 1961: 356; Buchanan, 1989: 14)....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Implementing and operating the Portsmouth Block Mill, 1803–1812

[...]

James M. Wilson1•
University of Glasgow1
04 Jul 2021-Business History
TL;DR: The Portsmouth Block Mill is a well-known early industrial concern, but little is known about its management and use as discussed by the authors, except that it was built in 1803 as part of Samuel Bentham's reforms to naval administration and operations.
Abstract: The Portsmouth Block Mill is a well-known early industrial concern, but little is known about its management and use. It was built in 1803 as part of Samuel Bentham’s reforms to naval administration and operations. Past research based on an analysis of the machinery considers the Mill as a ‘production line’. Newly found archival materials show staff numbers, hours, work assignments and output. These allow insights into the management of workers, machinery and materials along with insights into overall facility organization. These detailed analyses of the factory’s operations allow inferences about historic factory management practices more generally.

12 citations

Cites background from "Social History of Engineering"

  • ...Armytage (1961) suggests that Maudslay was the key engineer in the industrial revolution, calling his works a “nursery”....

    [...]

  • ...The Mill also showed that balancing capacity through a series of operations was well established, as Bentham had done earlier at Chatham (Armytage, 1961, p. 117)....

    [...]

References
More filters
Proceedings Article•DOI•
A historical overview of recent developments in the search for a philosophy of engineering education

[...]

John Heywood1•
Trinity College, Dublin1
12 Oct 2011
TL;DR: The substantial interest in philosophy and engineering and the application of philosophy to engineering education that has emerged in the last five years is summarized and some recent developments in the teaching of ethics to engineering students are discussed.
Abstract: The origins of this historical overview are summarized; namely, the substantial interest in philosophy and engineering and the application of philosophy to engineering education that has emerged in the last five years. Engineering faces a number of identity crises not least among them are on the one hand how it differs if at all from applied science, and on the other hand how it differs from technology. Related to this is the problem of the public identity of engineering and the influence that engineers are able to wield on public policy. Another crisis relates to the engineers role. Is an engineer a scientist or manager? A related question that has a special bearing on education is the relative status assigned to science when compared with design. Attempts to develop a philosophy of engineering are summarized. The argument that engineering educators should have a defensible philosophy of education is summarized, and the value of screening aims and objectives demonstrated. Arguments for teaching engineering students are summarized, more particularly those that advocate the teaching of the philosophical method as an aid to learning engineering on the one hand, and those that programs focused in one way or another on the teaching of philosophy per se. Finally, some recent developments in the teaching of ethics to engineering students are discussed and the recent interest in moral development following Kohlberg's theory is noted.

20 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
The Development of Costing in the British Chemical Industry, c. 1870 – c. 1940

[...]

Trevor Boyns, Mark Matthews, John Richard Edwards
01 Jan 2004-Accounting and Business Research
TL;DR: In this paper, the chemical industry was examined and contrasted with the issues surrounding costing discussed in relevant contemporary literature, and the authors provided a different perspective on the source of ideas surrounding certain costing techniques in Britain, not least, standard costing.
Abstract: In order to add to a steadily growing body of knowledge on the development of costing in British firms during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, this paper focuses on the chemical industry, one of the ‘new’ industries of the ‘second industrial revolution’. Through an examination of the archival records of a small sample of firms, the development of costing practice is examined and contrasted with the issues surrounding costing discussed in the relevant contemporary literature. The paper therefore throws light on the nature of the process of accounting change and, by examining an industry outside of the staple trades, such as coal or iron and steel, and mechanical engineering, provides a different perspective on the source of ideas surrounding certain costing techniques in Britain — not least, standard costing.

19 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
The Origins of Systemic Reform in American Higher Education, 1895–1920:

[...]

Ethan W. Ris1•
University of Nevada, Reno1
01 Oct 2018-Teachers College Record
TL;DR: The traditional literature on the history of higher education in the United States focuses on linear explanations of the inexorable growth of the size, mission, and importance of the higher education system as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Background/ContextThe traditional literature on the history of higher education in the United States focuses on linear explanations of the inexorable growth of the size, mission, and importance of ...

17 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Implementing and operating the Portsmouth Block Mill, 1803–1812

[...]

James M. Wilson1•
University of Glasgow1
04 Jul 2021-Business History
TL;DR: The Portsmouth Block Mill is a well-known early industrial concern, but little is known about its management and use as discussed by the authors, except that it was built in 1803 as part of Samuel Bentham's reforms to naval administration and operations.
Abstract: The Portsmouth Block Mill is a well-known early industrial concern, but little is known about its management and use. It was built in 1803 as part of Samuel Bentham’s reforms to naval administration and operations. Past research based on an analysis of the machinery considers the Mill as a ‘production line’. Newly found archival materials show staff numbers, hours, work assignments and output. These allow insights into the management of workers, machinery and materials along with insights into overall facility organization. These detailed analyses of the factory’s operations allow inferences about historic factory management practices more generally.

12 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Becoming an engineer in industrialising Great Britain circa 1760–1820

[...]

Peter M. Jones1•
University of Birmingham1
02 Dec 2011-Engineering Studies
TL;DR: This article explored the history of the engineer in Great Britain at a time when the transformation in the infrastructure of the country being brought about by the Industrial Revolution turned the practice of engineering from a trade into a profession.
Abstract: This article explores the history of the engineer in Great Britain at a time when the transformation in the infrastructure of the country being brought about by the Industrial Revolution turned the practice of engineering from a trade into a profession. In pursuing the theme of technology transfer, it also sheds light on the trans-national context in which the early engineers acquired their experience and conducted their business. This article draws on research into the Archives of Soho (the Boulton & Watt steam engine partnership) and the technological travel literature of the ‘industrial enlightenment’.

11 citations