Book•
Social limits to growth
01 Jan 1976-
TL;DR: Scitovsky as discussed by the authors discusses a duality in the growth potential of the United States economy and discusses the role of commercialization bias in economic output, and the importance of moral re-entry.
Abstract: Forward by Tibor Scitovsky. 1. Introduction Part I. The Neglected Realm of Social Scarcity 2. A Duality in the Growth Potential 3. The Material Economy and the Positional Economy 4. The Ambiguity of Economic Output Part II. The Commercialization Bias 5. The Economics of Bad Neighbours 6. The New Commodity Fetishism 7. A First Summary: The Hole in the Affluent Society Part III. The Depleting Moral Legacy 8. An Overload on the Mixed Economy 9. Political Keynesianism and the Managed Market 10. The Moral Re-entry 11. The Lost Legitimacy and the Distributional Compulsion Part IV. Perspective and Conclusions 12. The Liberal Market as a Transition Case 13. Inferences for Policy
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TL;DR: For example, this article found that people think they were less happy in the past and will be happier in the future, because they project current aspirations to be the same throughout the life cycle while income grows.
Abstract: Material aspirations are initially fairly similar among income groups; consequently more income brings greater happiness. Over the life cycle, however, aspirations grow along with income, and undercut the favourable effect of income growth on happiness, although the cross-sectional happiness-income difference persists. People think they were less happy in the past and will be happier in the future, because they project current aspirations to be the same throughout the life cycle, while income grows. But since aspirations actually grow along with income, experienced happiness is systematically different from projected happiness. Consequently, choices turn out to be based on false expectations.
2,388 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a synthesis of the organizational and philosophical definitions that emphasizes an explicit sense of moral duty and is based upon accepted ethical principles of analysis, which has the potential to combine research from the two fields of study in important areas of inquiry.
Abstract: Numerous researchers have proposed that trust is essential for understanding interpersonal and group behavior, managerial effectiveness, economic exchange and social or political stability, yet according to a majority of these scholars, this concept has never been precisely defined. This article reviews definitions from various approaches within organizational theory, examines the consistencies and differences, and proposes that trust is based upon an underlying assumption of an implicit moral duty. This moral duty—an anomaly in much of organizational theory—has made a precise definition problematic. Trust also is examined from philosophical ethics, and a synthesis of the organizational and philosophical definitions that emphasizes an explicit sense of moral duty and is based upon accepted ethical principles of analysis is proposed. This new definition has the potential to combine research from the two fields of study in important areas of inquiry.
2,265 citations
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01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this article, the authors try to reconstruct what seem to me the central questions about trust that the individual contributions presented in this volume raise and partly answer, and discuss the extent to which cooperation can come about independently of trust, and also whether trust can be seen as a result rather than a precondition of cooperation.
Abstract: In this concluding essay I shall try to reconstruct what seem to me the central questions about trust that the individual contributions presented in this volume raise and partly answer. In the first section, I briefly qualify the claim that there is a degree of rational cooperation that should but does not exist, and I shall give a preliminary indication of the importance of the beliefs we hold about others, over and above the importance of the motives we may have for cooperation. In the second section, I define trust and the general conditions under which it becomes relevant for cooperation. In the third, I discuss the extent to which cooperation can come about independently of trust, and also whether trust can be seen as a result rather than a precondition of cooperation. In the final section, I address the question of whether there are rational reasons for people to trust and especially whether there are reasons to trust trust and, correspondingly, distrust distrust.
2,230 citations
TL;DR: The International Socio-economic Index of Occupational status (ISEI) as discussed by the authors is derived from the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) using comparably coded data on education, occupation, and income for 73,901 full-time employed men from 16 countries.
2,121 citations