Social Norms, Social Capital and the Sustainability of Small Scale Economies
15 Jul 2010-Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research (Taylor & Francis)-Vol. 2, Iss: 3, pp 213-228
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a conceptual model to link social norms and social capital with key socio-ecological characteristics of small scale economies in order to derive implications for the sustainability of natural resources and survival of these economies.
Abstract: This paper develops a conceptual model to link social norms and social capital with key socio-ecological characteristics of small scale economies in order to derive implications for the sustainability of natural resources and survival of these economies. Specifically, the extent of punishment required to deter defection is derived as a function of group size, rewards from defection, resource stock, and the risk of groundwater loss. Social norms which ordain collective participation and punishments can be endogenous, dynamic, and exhibit resilience. The implication of these possibilities on the sustainability of small scale economies is also evaluated.
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TL;DR: This paper explored the concept of resilience as a new way of looking at this ongoing conflict and examined its potential to support future policies for management of the Vallecitos Unit and other public lands.
Abstract: The forest lands of northern New Mexico are a contested landscape fraught with conflicts over ownership, resource exploitation and land fraud. Partly in recognition of this, the US Forest Service established the Vallecitos Federal Sustained Yield Act in 1948 under the relatively obscure Sustained Yield Forest Management Act of 1944 to promote the “stability” of rural Hispano communities and the sustained yield of forest products. The Unit, however, has failed to live up to its promise. This paper explores the concept of resilience as a new way of looking at this ongoing conflict and examines its potential to support future policies for management of the Unit and other public lands.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a framework that quantifies the effect of social norms on the efficient functioning of institutions and thereby their impact on effectiveness of reforms for sustaining common pool water resources under conditions of scarcity.
Abstract: We develop a framework that quantifies the effect of social norms on the efficient functioning of institutions and thereby their impact on effectiveness of reforms for sustaining common pool water resources under conditions of scarcity. We derive theoretical results and use numerical simulations to provide evidence for performance of a group of farmers that use a common pool resource (reservoir or aquifer) with and without norms, with various marginal utility levels from norm adherence, and with various existing (Social Planner) institutional setting considered in the theoretical model. The theoretical results suggest that with no water trade and with norm adherence, water users will always use less water than the no norms scenario. With possible inter-group water trade, norm-adhering water users would replace excess extraction with increased trade rates. Simulation results for the no-trade case suggest that with higher marginal utility values from norm adherence, the resource is sustained for sig...
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References
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Abstract: Preface 1. Reflections on the commons 2. An institutional approach to the study of self-organization and self-governance in CPR situations 3. Analyzing long-enduring, self-organized and self-governed CPRs 4. Analyzing institutional change 5. Analyzing institutional failures and fragilities 6. A framework for analysis of self-organizing and self-governing CPRs Notes References Index.
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TL;DR: In this article, a new approach to describing both stability and change in social systems by linking the behavior of individuals to organizational behavior is proposed. But the approach is not suitable for large-scale systems.
Abstract: Suggests a new approach to describing both stability and change in social systems by linking the behavior of individuals to organizational behavior.
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9,641 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used indicators of trust and civic norms from the World Values Surveys for a sample of 29 market economies and found that membership in formal groups is not associated with trust or with improved economic performance.
Abstract: This paper presents evidence that "social capital" matters for measurable economic performance, using indicators of trust and civic norms from the World Values Surveys for a sample of 29 market economies. Memberships in formal groups—Putnam's measure of social capital—is not associated with trust or with improved economic performance. We find trust and civic norms are stronger in nations with higher and more equal incomes, with institutions that restrain predatory actions of chief executives, and with better-educated and ethnically homogeneous populations.
6,484 citations
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