Sodium borohydride as a fuel for the future
TL;DR: In this paper, the most relevant issues concerning the use of NaBH 4 are examined and its basic properties are summarised and its synthesis methods are described, and a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the recent publications in the energy field opens the discussion for current perspectives and future outlook of NN 4 as an efficient energy/hydrogen carrier.
Abstract: In a time of unprecedented change in environmental, geopolitical and socio-economic world affairs, the search for new energy materials has become a topic of great relevance. Sodium borohydride, NaBH 4 , seems to be a promising fuel in the context of the future hydrogen economy. NaBH 4 belongs to a class of materials with the highest gravimetric hydrogen densities, which has been discovered in the 1940s by Schlesinger and Brown. In the present paper, the most relevant issues concerning the use of NaBH 4 are examined. Its basic properties are summarised and its synthesis methods are described. The general processes of NaBH 4 oxidation, hydrolysis, and monitoring are reviewed. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the NaBH 4 publications in the energy field opens the discussion for current perspectives and future outlook of NaBH 4 as an efficient energy/hydrogen carrier. Despite the observed exponential increase in the research on NaBH 4 it is clear that further efforts are still necessary for achieving significant overchanges.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a method to detect the presence of a tumor in the human brain using EPFL-206025 data set, which was created on 2015-03-03, modified on 2017-05-12
Abstract: Note: Times Cited: 875 Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-206025doi:10.1021/cr0501846View record in Web of Science URL: ://WOS:000249839900009 Record created on 2015-03-03, modified on 2017-05-12
1,704 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the current energy landscape, highlighting the hydrogen and the main characteristics of the technological routes for its production, as well as the prominent research on hydrogen technology, processes and their main characteristics.
462 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the different types of liquid fuels directly used in fuel cells and identify their properties, challenges and applications is presented, as well as their potential applications.
392 citations
TL;DR: A direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) as discussed by the authors is a device that converts chemical energy stored in BH4− and an oxidant directly into electricity by redox processes.
Abstract: A direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) is a device that converts chemical energy stored in borohydride ion (BH4−) and an oxidant directly into electricity by redox processes. Usually, a DBFC employs an alkaline solution of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as fuel and oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. DBFC has some attractive features such as high open circuit potential, ease of electro-oxidation of BH4− on non-precious metals such as nickel, low operational temperature and high power density. The DBFC is a promising power system for portable applications. This article discusses prominent features of DBFC, reviews recent developments in DBFC research, and points out future directions in DBFC research.
308 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for NaBH4 regeneration without hydrides used as starting materials for the reduction process was developed for the first time without using hydride starting materials.
Abstract: Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is regarded as an excellent hydrogen-generated material, but its irreversibility of hydrolysis and high cost of regeneration restrict its large-scale application. In this study a convenient and economical method for NaBH4 regeneration is developed for the first time without hydrides used as starting materials for the reduction process. The real hydrolysis by-products (NaBO2·2H2O and NaBO2·4H2O), instead of dehydrated sodium metaborate (NaBO2), are applied for the regeneration of NaBH4 with Mg at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the troublesome heat-wasting process to obtain NaBO2 using a drying procedure at over 350 °C from NaBO2·xH2O is omitted. Moreover, the highest regeneration yields of NaBH4 are achieved to date with 68.55% and 64.06% from reaction with NaBO2·2H2O and NaBO2·4H2O, respectively. The cost of NaBH4 regeneration shows a 34-fold reduction compared to the previous study that uses MgH2 as the reduction agent, where H2 is obtained from a separate process. Furthermore, the regeneration mechanism of NaBH4 is clarified and the intermediate compound, NaBH3(OH), is successfully observed for the first time during the regeneration process.
299 citations
References
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01 Jun 1974
TL;DR: The Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous solutions as discussed by the authors is the most complete and complete work on aqueous solvents, which includes a detailed description of the properties of the solvers.
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27 Aug 1985
TL;DR: Standard Potentials in Aqueous solution as mentioned in this paper is a collection of thermodynamic data from the IUPAC Commissions onElectrochemistry and Electroanalytical Chemistry, and it is a valuable supplementarytext for undergraduate and graduate-level chemistry students.
Abstract: The best available collection of thermodynamic data!The first-of-its-kind in over thirty years, this up-to-date book presents the current knowledgeon Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solution.Written by leading international experts and initiated by the IUPAC Commissions onElectrochemistry and Electroanalytical Chemistry, this remarkable work begins with athorough review of basic concepts and methods for determining standard electrodepotentials. Building upon this solid foundation, this convenient source proceeds to discussthe various redox couples for every known element.The chapters of this practical, time-saving guide are organized in order of the groups ofelements on the periodic table, for easy reference to vital material . AND each chapteralso contains the fundamental chemistry of elements ... numerous equations of chemicalreactions .. . easy-to-read tables of thermodynamic data . . . and useful oxidation-statediagrams.Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solution is an ideal, handy reference for analytical andphysical chemists, electrochemists, electroanalytical chemists, chemical engineers, biochemists,inorganic and organic chemists, and spectroscopists needing information onreactions and thermodynamic data in inorganic chemistry . And it is a valuable supplementarytext for undergraduate- and graduate-level chemistry students.
2,242 citations
TL;DR: This poster presents a probabilistic simulation of the response of the immune system to EMT and shows clear patterns of decline in the number of immune checkpoints during EMT treatment.
Abstract: Note: Times Cited: 875 Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-206025doi:10.1021/cr0501846View record in Web of Science URL: ://WOS:000249839900009 Record created on 2015-03-03, modified on 2017-05-12
1,821 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a method to detect the presence of a tumor in the human brain using EPFL-206025 data set, which was created on 2015-03-03, modified on 2017-05-12
Abstract: Note: Times Cited: 875 Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-206025doi:10.1021/cr0501846View record in Web of Science URL: ://WOS:000249839900009 Record created on 2015-03-03, modified on 2017-05-12
1,704 citations