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Journal ArticleDOI

Sodium-ion batteries: present and future

19 Jun 2017-Chemical Society Reviews (The Royal Society of Chemistry)-Vol. 46, Iss: 12, pp 3529-3614
TL;DR: Current research on materials is summarized and discussed and future directions for SIBs are proposed to provide important insights into scientific and practical issues in the development of S IBs.
Abstract: Energy production and storage technologies have attracted a great deal of attention for day-to-day applications. In recent decades, advances in lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology have improved living conditions around the globe. LIBs are used in most mobile electronic devices as well as in zero-emission electronic vehicles. However, there are increasing concerns regarding load leveling of renewable energy sources and the smart grid as well as the sustainability of lithium sources due to their limited availability and consequent expected price increase. Therefore, whether LIBs alone can satisfy the rising demand for small- and/or mid-to-large-format energy storage applications remains unclear. To mitigate these issues, recent research has focused on alternative energy storage systems. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as the best candidate power sources because sodium is widely available and exhibits similar chemistry to that of LIBs; therefore, SIBs are promising next-generation alternatives. Recently, sodiated layer transition metal oxides, phosphates and organic compounds have been introduced as cathode materials for SIBs. Simultaneously, recent developments have been facilitated by the use of select carbonaceous materials, transition metal oxides (or sulfides), and intermetallic and organic compounds as anodes for SIBs. Apart from electrode materials, suitable electrolytes, additives, and binders are equally important for the development of practical SIBs. Despite developments in electrode materials and other components, there remain several challenges, including cell design and electrode balancing, in the application of sodium ion cells. In this article, we summarize and discuss current research on materials and propose future directions for SIBs. This will provide important insights into scientific and practical issues in the development of SIBs.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , Biphasic O'3/O3 layered NaNi0.15Al0.035O2 cathode materials (Na-NCA) are synthesized by using three different chemical routes viz. coprecipitation, hydrothermal and sol-gel methods.

6 citations

Posted ContentDOI
01 Jun 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived a descriptor for the ion mobility in battery electrodes and solid electrolytes based on first-principles electronic structure calculations, which is entirely composed of observables that are easily accessible: ionic radii, oxidation states and the Pauling electronegativities of the involved species.
Abstract: Ion mobility is a critical performance parameter in electrochemical energy storage and conversion, but also in other electrochemical devices. Based on first-principles electronic structure calculations, we have derived a descriptor for the ion mobility in battery electrodes and solid electrolytes. This descriptor is entirely composed of observables that are easily accessible: ionic radii, oxidation states and the Pauling electronegativities of the involved species. Within a particular class of materials, the migration barriers are connected to this descriptor through linear scaling relations upon the variation of either the cation chemistry of the charge carriers or the anion chemistry of the host lattice. The validity of these scaling relations indicates that a purely ionic view falls short of capturing all factors influencing ion mobility in solids.The identification of these scaling relations has the potential to significantly accelerate the discovery of materials with desired mobility properties.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a nanograin-boundary-rich hierarchical Co3O4 nanorod anode composed of ∼20 nm nanocrystallites was proposed to achieve extreme pseudocapacitance (up to 72%@1.0 mV/s).

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive review of recent achievements in the production of MXene/PPy nanocomposites was taken into consideration with an elaborate discussion of the various characterizations employed.
Abstract: The atomically thick two-dimensional (2D) materials are at the forefront of revolutionary technologies for energy storage devices. Due to their fascinating physical and chemical features, these materials have gotten a lot of attention. They are particularly appealing for a wide range of applications, including electrochemical storage systems, due to their simplicity of property tuning. The MXene is a type of 2D material that is widely recognized for its exceptional electrochemical characteristics. The use of these materials in conjunction with conducting polymers, notably polypyrrole (PPy), has opened new possibilities for lightweight, flexible, and portable electrodes. Therefore, herein we report a comprehensive review of recent achievements in the production of MXene/PPy nanocomposites. The structural–property relationship of this class of nanocomposites was taken into consideration with an elaborate discussion of the various characterizations employed. As a result, this research gives a narrative explanation of how PPy interacts with distinct MXenes to produce desirable high-performance nanocomposites. The effects of MXene incorporation on the thermal, electrical, and electrochemical characteristics of the resultant nanocomposites were discussed. Finally, it is critically reviewed and presented as an advanced composite material in electrochemical storage devices, energy conversion, electrochemical sensors, and electromagnetic interference shielding.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
20 Apr 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the Mn-substituted Na3+xV2−yMny(PO4)2F3 positive electrode materials for Na-ion batteries were synthesized using microwave assisted synthesis.
Abstract: Hydrothermal microwave-assisted synthesis of Mn-substituted Na3+xV2–yMny(PO4)2F3 positive electrode materials for Na-ion batteries resulted in phase-pure solid solutions with y ≤ 0.6. According to ...

6 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
18 Nov 2011-Science
TL;DR: The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
Abstract: The increasing interest in energy storage for the grid can be attributed to multiple factors, including the capital costs of managing peak demands, the investments needed for grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Although existing energy storage is dominated by pumped hydroelectric, there is the recognition that battery systems can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained. The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.

11,144 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
26 May 2006-Science
TL;DR: In this paper, a single epitaxial graphene layer at the silicon carbide interface is shown to reveal the Dirac nature of the charge carriers, and all-graphene electronically coherent devices and device architectures are envisaged.
Abstract: Ultrathin epitaxial graphite was grown on single-crystal silicon carbide by vacuum graphitization. The material can be patterned using standard nanolithography methods. The transport properties, which are closely related to those of carbon nanotubes, are dominated by the single epitaxial graphene layer at the silicon carbide interface and reveal the Dirac nature of the charge carriers. Patterned structures show quantum confinement of electrons and phase coherence lengths beyond 1 micrometer at 4 kelvin, with mobilities exceeding 2.5 square meters per volt-second. All-graphene electronically coherent devices and device architectures are envisaged.

4,848 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The transport properties, which are closely related to those of carbon nanotubes, are dominated by the single epitaxial graphene layer at the silicon carbide interface and reveal the Dirac nature of the charge carriers.
Abstract: Ultrathin epitaxial graphite was grown on single-crystal silicon carbide by vacuum graphitization. The material can be patterned using standard nanolithography methods. The transport properties, which are closely related to those of carbon nanotubes, are dominated by the single epitaxial graphene layer at the silicon carbide interface and reveal the Dirac nature of the charge carriers. Patterned structures show quantum confinement of electrons and phase coherence lengths beyond 1 micrometer at 4 kelvin, with mobilities exceeding 2.5 square meters per volt-second. All-graphene electronically coherent devices and device architectures are envisaged.

4,578 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the status of ambient temperature sodium ion batteries is reviewed in light of recent developments in anode, electrolyte and cathode materials, including high performance layered transition metal oxides and polyanionic compounds.
Abstract: The status of ambient temperature sodium ion batteries is reviewed in light of recent developments in anode, electrolyte and cathode materials. These devices, although early in their stage of development, are promising for large-scale grid storage applications due to the abundance and very low cost of sodium-containing precursors used to make the components. The engineering knowledge developed recently for highly successful Li ion batteries can be leveraged to ensure rapid progress in this area, although different electrode materials and electrolytes will be required for dual intercalation systems based on sodium. In particular, new anode materials need to be identified, since the graphite anode, commonly used in lithium systems, does not intercalate sodium to any appreciable extent. A wider array of choices is available for cathodes, including high performance layered transition metal oxides and polyanionic compounds. Recent developments in electrodes are encouraging, but a great deal of research is necessary, particularly in new electrolytes, and the understanding of the SEI films. The engineering modeling calculations of Na-ion battery energy density indicate that 210 Wh kg−1 in gravimetric energy is possible for Na-ion batteries compared to existing Li-ion technology if a cathode capacity of 200 mAh g−1 and a 500 mAh g−1 anode can be discovered with an average cell potential of 3.3 V.

3,776 citations