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Journal ArticleDOI

Sodium-ion batteries: present and future

19 Jun 2017-Chemical Society Reviews (The Royal Society of Chemistry)-Vol. 46, Iss: 12, pp 3529-3614
TL;DR: Current research on materials is summarized and discussed and future directions for SIBs are proposed to provide important insights into scientific and practical issues in the development of S IBs.
Abstract: Energy production and storage technologies have attracted a great deal of attention for day-to-day applications. In recent decades, advances in lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology have improved living conditions around the globe. LIBs are used in most mobile electronic devices as well as in zero-emission electronic vehicles. However, there are increasing concerns regarding load leveling of renewable energy sources and the smart grid as well as the sustainability of lithium sources due to their limited availability and consequent expected price increase. Therefore, whether LIBs alone can satisfy the rising demand for small- and/or mid-to-large-format energy storage applications remains unclear. To mitigate these issues, recent research has focused on alternative energy storage systems. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as the best candidate power sources because sodium is widely available and exhibits similar chemistry to that of LIBs; therefore, SIBs are promising next-generation alternatives. Recently, sodiated layer transition metal oxides, phosphates and organic compounds have been introduced as cathode materials for SIBs. Simultaneously, recent developments have been facilitated by the use of select carbonaceous materials, transition metal oxides (or sulfides), and intermetallic and organic compounds as anodes for SIBs. Apart from electrode materials, suitable electrolytes, additives, and binders are equally important for the development of practical SIBs. Despite developments in electrode materials and other components, there remain several challenges, including cell design and electrode balancing, in the application of sodium ion cells. In this article, we summarize and discuss current research on materials and propose future directions for SIBs. This will provide important insights into scientific and practical issues in the development of SIBs.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a high-rate and long-life MnHCF@PEDOT sodium ion battery cathode through a facile in situ polymerization method was demonstrated. But, due to poor cycling stability and unsatisfactory rate capability of manganese hexacyanoferrate, which are mainly caused by poor intrinsic conductivity, phase transition, side reactions, and transition metal dissolution, extremely limit its practical application.
Abstract: Prussian blue analogues hold great promise as cathodes in sodium ion batteries. Among Prussian blue analogues, manganese hexacyanoferrate is desirable because of its high working voltage, as well as its high specific capacity and low cost. However, poor cycling stability and unsatisfactory rate capability of manganese hexacyanoferrate, which are mainly caused by poor intrinsic conductivity, phase transition, side reactions, and transition metal dissolution, extremely limit its practical application. In this work, we demonstrate a high-rate and long-life MnHCF@PEDOT sodium ion battery cathode through a facile in situ polymerization method. Benefitting from the synergistic effect of the inhibited Mn/Fe dissolution, suppressed phase transition, and improved capacitive storage, the composite electrode exhibits a high capacity of 147.9 mA h g−1 at 0.1C, 95.2 mA h g−1 at a high rate of 10C, and 78.2% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. Furthermore, even at a low temperature of −10 °C, MnHCF@PEDOT still delivers a high capacity of 87.0 mA h g−1 and maintains 71.5 mA h g−1 (82.2%) after 500 cycles.

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Pengfei Huang1, Shunlong Zhang1, Hangjun Ying1, Zhao Zhang1, Wei-Qiang Han1 
TL;DR: In this article, a facile solvothermal approach was used to fabricate a few-layered NiCo2Se4/NiCo2S4/f-Ti3C2 hybrid anodes for SIBs via a solution-phase flocculation strategy.

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the α-MnSe@N-C DNTs were successfully prepared and are demonstrated to be promising anode material for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries (LIBs/NIBs).
Abstract: Coaxial nanotubes are a significant class of nanoscale building blocks for advanced electrodes of secondary batteries. Herein, one-dimensional (1D) coaxial double nanotubes (DNTs) consisting of α-MnSe inner tubes and N-doped carbon (N–C) outer tubes (abbreviated as α-MnSe@N–C DNTs) are successfully prepared and are demonstrated to be promising anode material for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries (LIBs/NIBs). When used in LIBs, it was revealed by ex situ XRD/HRTEM studies and electrode kinetics that a new electrochemical α → β phase transition plays a crucial role in improving the cycling stability. As a result, the α-MnSe@N–C DNTs electrode delivers a high Li-storage capacity (800 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1), excellent rate capability (405 mA h g−1 at 14 A g−1) and ultra-long cycling stability (a high capacity retention of 87.2% even after 9000 cycles at 2 A g−1) with retained 1D morphology. In addition, the outer N–C nanotube can effectively protect the active α-MnSe inner nanotube to realize such outstanding electrochemical properties owing to the high electrical conductivity and particular 1D coaxial nanoarchitecture of the inner nanotube. Moreover, α-MnSe@N–C DNTs also exhibit excellent Li/Na-storage properties and full-cell performances when coupled with commercial LiFePO4 and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathodes in LIBs as well as with the Na3V2(PO4)2O2F cathode in NIBs.

55 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This cost-effective, high-safety, and high-performance symmetric NIC can balance the energy and power density between batteries and capacitors and serve as an electric power source for future low-maintenance large-scale energy storage systems.
Abstract: Batteries and electrochemical capacitors play very important roles in the portable electronic devices and electric vehicles and have shown promising potential for large-scale energy storage applications. However, batteries or capacitors alone cannot meet the energy and power density requirements because rechargeable batteries have a poor power property, whereas supercapacitors offer limited capacity. Here, a novel symmetric sodium-ion capacitor (NIC) is developed based on low-cost Na0.44MnO2 nanorods. The Na0.44MnO2 with unique nanoarchitectures and iso-oriented feature offers shortened diffusion path lengths for both electronic and Na+ transport and reduces the stress associated with Na+ insertion and extraction. Benefiting from these merits, the symmetric device achieves a high power density of 2432.7 W kg–1, an improved energy density of 27.9 Wh kg–1, and a capacitance retention of 85.2% over 5000 cycles. Particularly, the symmetric NIC based on Na0.44MnO2 permits repeatedly reverse-polarity characteri...

55 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
18 Nov 2011-Science
TL;DR: The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
Abstract: The increasing interest in energy storage for the grid can be attributed to multiple factors, including the capital costs of managing peak demands, the investments needed for grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Although existing energy storage is dominated by pumped hydroelectric, there is the recognition that battery systems can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained. The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.

11,144 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
26 May 2006-Science
TL;DR: In this paper, a single epitaxial graphene layer at the silicon carbide interface is shown to reveal the Dirac nature of the charge carriers, and all-graphene electronically coherent devices and device architectures are envisaged.
Abstract: Ultrathin epitaxial graphite was grown on single-crystal silicon carbide by vacuum graphitization. The material can be patterned using standard nanolithography methods. The transport properties, which are closely related to those of carbon nanotubes, are dominated by the single epitaxial graphene layer at the silicon carbide interface and reveal the Dirac nature of the charge carriers. Patterned structures show quantum confinement of electrons and phase coherence lengths beyond 1 micrometer at 4 kelvin, with mobilities exceeding 2.5 square meters per volt-second. All-graphene electronically coherent devices and device architectures are envisaged.

4,848 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The transport properties, which are closely related to those of carbon nanotubes, are dominated by the single epitaxial graphene layer at the silicon carbide interface and reveal the Dirac nature of the charge carriers.
Abstract: Ultrathin epitaxial graphite was grown on single-crystal silicon carbide by vacuum graphitization. The material can be patterned using standard nanolithography methods. The transport properties, which are closely related to those of carbon nanotubes, are dominated by the single epitaxial graphene layer at the silicon carbide interface and reveal the Dirac nature of the charge carriers. Patterned structures show quantum confinement of electrons and phase coherence lengths beyond 1 micrometer at 4 kelvin, with mobilities exceeding 2.5 square meters per volt-second. All-graphene electronically coherent devices and device architectures are envisaged.

4,578 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the status of ambient temperature sodium ion batteries is reviewed in light of recent developments in anode, electrolyte and cathode materials, including high performance layered transition metal oxides and polyanionic compounds.
Abstract: The status of ambient temperature sodium ion batteries is reviewed in light of recent developments in anode, electrolyte and cathode materials. These devices, although early in their stage of development, are promising for large-scale grid storage applications due to the abundance and very low cost of sodium-containing precursors used to make the components. The engineering knowledge developed recently for highly successful Li ion batteries can be leveraged to ensure rapid progress in this area, although different electrode materials and electrolytes will be required for dual intercalation systems based on sodium. In particular, new anode materials need to be identified, since the graphite anode, commonly used in lithium systems, does not intercalate sodium to any appreciable extent. A wider array of choices is available for cathodes, including high performance layered transition metal oxides and polyanionic compounds. Recent developments in electrodes are encouraging, but a great deal of research is necessary, particularly in new electrolytes, and the understanding of the SEI films. The engineering modeling calculations of Na-ion battery energy density indicate that 210 Wh kg−1 in gravimetric energy is possible for Na-ion batteries compared to existing Li-ion technology if a cathode capacity of 200 mAh g−1 and a 500 mAh g−1 anode can be discovered with an average cell potential of 3.3 V.

3,776 citations