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Journal ArticleDOI

Software source code sizing using fuzzy logic modeling

01 May 2003-Information & Software Technology (AUT University)-Vol. 45, Iss: 7, pp 389-404
TL;DR: This study considers the applicability of fuzzy logic modeling methods to the task of software source code sizing, using a previously published data set and suggests that fuzzy predictive models can outperform their traditional regression-based counterparts.
Abstract: Knowing the likely size of a software product before it has been constructed is potentially beneficial in project management: for instance, size can be an important factor in determining an appropriate development/integration schedule, and it can be a significant input in terms of the allocation of personnel and other resources. In this study we consider the applicability of fuzzy logic modeling methods to the task of software source code sizing, using a previously published data set. Our results suggest that, particularly with refinement using data and knowledge, fuzzy predictive models can outperform their traditional regression-based counterparts.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A systematic review of previous work identifies 304 software cost estimation papers in 76 journals and classifies the papers according to research topic, estimation approach, research approach, study context and data set to provide a basis for the improvement of software-estimation research.
Abstract: This paper aims to provide a basis for the improvement of software-estimation research through a systematic review of previous work. The review identifies 304 software cost estimation papers in 76 journals and classifies the papers according to research topic, estimation approach, research approach, study context and data set. A Web-based library of these cost estimation papers is provided to ease the identification of relevant estimation research results. The review results combined with other knowledge provide support for recommendations for future software cost estimation research, including: 1) increase the breadth of the search for relevant studies, 2) search manually for relevant papers within a carefully selected set of journals when completeness is essential, 3) conduct more studies on estimation methods commonly used by the software industry, and 4) increase the awareness of how properties of the data sets impact the results when evaluating estimation methods

835 citations

01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of economic analysis techniques and their applicability to software engineering and management, including the major estimation techniques available, the state of the art in algorithmic cost models, and the outstanding research issues in software cost estimation.
Abstract: This paper summarizes the current state of the art and recent trends in software engineering economics. It provides an overview of economic analysis techniques and their applicability to software engineering and management. It surveys the field of software cost estimation, including the major estimation techniques available, the state of the art in algorithmic cost models, and the outstanding research issues in software cost estimation.

283 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A suitable expert fuzzy rule-based system for evaluation was developed in this study using Visual Basic.Net and the resulting performance measurement system was evaluated using a case study company from the automotive industry.
Abstract: Closed-loop supply chain management has been identified as an efficient, effective and economical strategy towards environmental sustainable practices in manufacturing companies. Without a formidable closed-loop supply chain to complement green supply chain management, most of the goals will not be achieved. A performance evaluation system is crucial for achieving a successful closed-loop supply chain in the automotive industry. Hence, a suitable expert fuzzy rule-based system for evaluation was developed in this study using Visual Basic.Net. The fuzzy rules and arithmetic used were described. The resulting performance measurement system was evaluated using a case study company from the automotive industry. The study culminated with recommendations and proposal of directions for future studies.

145 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An adaptive fuzzy logic framework for software effort prediction that tolerates imprecision, explains prediction rationale through rules, incorporates experts knowledge, offers transparency in the prediction system, and could adapt to new environments as new data becomes available is presented.
Abstract: Algorithmic effort prediction models are limited by their inability to cope with uncertainties and imprecision present in software projects early in the development life cycle. In this paper, we present an adaptive fuzzy logic framework for software effort prediction. The training and adaptation algorithms implemented in the framework tolerates imprecision, explains prediction rationale through rules, incorporates experts knowledge, offers transparency in the prediction system, and could adapt to new environments as new data becomes available. Our validation experiment was carried out on artificial datasets as well as the COCOMO public database. We also present an experimental validation of the training procedure employed in the framework.

113 citations


Cites methods from "Software source code sizing using f..."

  • ...Most models rely on accurate estimate of either size of software in terms of line of code (LOC), number of user screen, interfaces, complexity, etc. at a time when uncertainty is mostly present in the project [31]....

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References
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Book
31 Jul 1981
TL;DR: Books, as a source that may involve the facts, opinion, literature, religion, and many others are the great friends to join with, becomes what you need to get.
Abstract: New updated! The latest book from a very famous author finally comes out. Book of pattern recognition with fuzzy objective function algorithms, as an amazing reference becomes what you need to get. What's for is this book? Are you still thinking for what the book is? Well, this is what you probably will get. You should have made proper choices for your better life. Book, as a source that may involve the facts, opinion, literature, religion, and many others are the great friends to join with.

15,662 citations


"Software source code sizing using f..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...• we utilised fuzzy c-means clustering (Bezdek 1981; Billaudel et al. 1999), a relatively simple iterative clustering algorithm, to determine first-cut membership functions and rule sets from the BUILD data samples (see Appendix A for a pseudocode description of the algorithms)....

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Book
31 Oct 1991
TL;DR: Theoretical Foundations.
Abstract: I. Theoretical Foundations.- 1. Knowledge.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Knowledge and Classification.- 1.3. Knowledge Base.- 1.4. Equivalence, Generalization and Specialization of Knowledge.- Summary.- Exercises.- References.- 2. Imprecise Categories, Approximations and Rough Sets.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Rough Sets.- 2.3. Approximations of Set.- 2.4. Properties of Approximations.- 2.5. Approximations and Membership Relation.- 2.6. Numerical Characterization of Imprecision.- 2.7. Topological Characterization of Imprecision.- 2.8. Approximation of Classifications.- 2.9. Rough Equality of Sets.- 2.10. Rough Inclusion of Sets.- Summary.- Exercises.- References.- 3. Reduction of Knowledge.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Reduct and Core of Knowledge.- 3.3. Relative Reduct and Relative Core of Knowledge.- 3.4. Reduction of Categories.- 3.5. Relative Reduct and Core of Categories.- Summary.- Exercises.- References.- 4. Dependencies in Knowledge Base.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Dependency of Knowledge.- 4.3. Partial Dependency of Knowledge.- Summary.- Exercises.- References.- 5. Knowledge Representation.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Examples.- 5.3. Formal Definition.- 5.4. Significance of Attributes.- 5.5. Discernibility Matrix.- Summary.- Exercises.- References.- 6. Decision Tables.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Formal Definition and Some Properties.- 6.3. Simplification of Decision Tables.- Summary.- Exercises.- References.- 7. Reasoning about Knowledge.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Language of Decision Logic.- 7.3. Semantics of Decision Logic Language.- 7.4. Deduction in Decision Logic.- 7.5. Normal Forms.- 7.6. Decision Rules and Decision Algorithms.- 7.7. Truth and Indiscernibility.- 7.8. Dependency of Attributes.- 7.9. Reduction of Consistent Algorithms.- 7.10. Reduction of Inconsistent Algorithms.- 7.11. Reduction of Decision Rules.- 7.12. Minimization of Decision Algorithms.- Summary.- Exercises.- References.- II. Applications.- 8. Decision Making.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Optician's Decisions Table.- 8.3. Simplification of Decision Table.- 8.4. Decision Algorithm.- 8.5. The Case of Incomplete Information.- Summary.- Exercises.- References.- 9. Data Analysis.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. Decision Table as Protocol of Observations.- 9.3. Derivation of Control Algorithms from Observation.- 9.4. Another Approach.- 9.5. The Case of Inconsistent Data.- Summary.- Exercises.- References.- 10. Dissimilarity Analysis.- 10.1. Introduction.- 10.2. The Middle East Situation.- 10.3. Beauty Contest.- 10.4. Pattern Recognition.- 10.5. Buying a Car.- Summary.- Exercises.- References.- 11. Switching Circuits.- 11.1. Introduction.- 11.2. Minimization of Partially Defined Switching Functions.- 11.3. Multiple-Output Switching Functions.- Summary.- Exercises.- References.- 12. Machine Learning.- 12.1. Introduction.- 12.2. Learning From Examples.- 12.3. The Case of an Imperfect Teacher.- 12.4. Inductive Learning.- Summary.- Exercises.- References.

7,826 citations

04 Oct 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of economic analysis techniques and their applicability to software engineering and management, including the major estimation techniques available, the state of the art in algorithmic cost models, and the outstanding research issues in software cost estimation.
Abstract: This paper summarizes the current state of the art and recent trends in software engineering economics. It provides an overview of economic analysis techniques and their applicability to software engineering and management. It surveys the field of software cost estimation, including the major estimation techniques available, the state of the art in algorithmic cost models, and the outstanding research issues in software cost estimation.

5,899 citations

Book
02 Sep 2011
TL;DR: This research addresses the needs for software measures in object-orientation design through the development and implementation of a new suite of metrics for OO design, and suggests ways in which managers may use these metrics for process improvement.
Abstract: Given the central role that software development plays in the delivery and application of information technology, managers are increasingly focusing on process improvement in the software development area. This demand has spurred the provision of a number of new and/or improved approaches to software development, with perhaps the most prominent being object-orientation (OO). In addition, the focus on process improvement has increased the demand for software measures, or metrics with which to manage the process. The need for such metrics is particularly acute when an organization is adopting a new technology for which established practices have yet to be developed. This research addresses these needs through the development and implementation of a new suite of metrics for OO design. Metrics developed in previous research, while contributing to the field's understanding of software development processes, have generally been subject to serious criticisms, including the lack of a theoretical base. Following Wand and Weber (1989), the theoretical base chosen for the metrics was the ontology of Bunge (1977). Six design metrics are developed, and then analytically evaluated against Weyuker's (1988) proposed set of measurement principles. An automated data collection tool was then developed and implemented to collect an empirical sample of these metrics at two field sites in order to demonstrate their feasibility and suggest ways in which managers may use these metrics for process improvement. >

5,476 citations


"Software source code sizing using f..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Thus the work of Halstead (1977), Chrysler (1978) and Boehm (1981) employed both theoretical and empirical analyses to construct initial models of software source code size....

    [...]

Book
01 Jan 1977

2,146 citations


"Software source code sizing using f..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Thus the work of Halstead (1977), Chrysler (1978) and Boehm (1981) employed both theoretical and empirical analyses to construct initial models of software source code size....

    [...]