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Journal ArticleDOI

Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film.

01 Sep 2013-Environmental Pollution (Elsevier)-Vol. 180, pp 265-273
TL;DR: The results indicate that agricultural plastic film can be an important source of soil PAEs contamination and further research is required to fully elucidate the mechanisms of PAE contamination of intensive agricultural soils with different use modes of use of plastic film.
About: This article is published in Environmental Pollution.The article was published on 2013-09-01 and is currently open access. It has received 255 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Plastic film & Phthalate.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review critically evaluates the current literature on the presence, behaviour and fate of microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments and, where appropriate, draws on relevant studies from other fields including nanotechnology, agriculture and waste management.

1,864 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Future interdisciplinary research should gain a deeper understanding of the incentives for farmers and public perception from both a psychological and economic perspective in order to develop new support strategies for the transition into a more environment-friendly food production.

859 citations


Cites background from "Soil contamination by phthalate est..."

  • ...However, contaminated mulches aremostly unsuitable for landfilling due to the risk of pesticide leaching (Garthe, 2004;Wang et al., 2013)....

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  • ...While typical background concentrations of PAE in soil vary between 0.2 and 33.6 mg kg−1 (Zeng et al., 2008), PAE levels in plastic mulches were detected in ranges from 50 to 120 mg kg−1 (Wang et al., 2013)....

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  • ...…a connection between plastic mulch application and elevated PAE concentrations in soil or plants is not trivial since agrochemicals, wastewater irrigation and atmospheric background concentrations represent further potential PAE sources (Hongjun et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2013; He et al., 2014)....

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  • ...Among typical PE mulch additives, plasticising agents from the group of phthalic acid esters (PAE) with its model compound bis(2ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) belong to the most discussed soil contaminants (Fu and Du, 2011; Magdouli et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2013)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Current knowledge on available methods for the quantification and identification of plastic in soil, the quantity and possible input pathways of plastic into soil, and its fate in soil are reviewed are reviewed to ensure the applicability of these methods for soil needs to be tested.

842 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In a soil-incubation experiment in a climate-controlled chamber with three levels of microplastic added to loess soil collected from the Loess Plateau in China,microplastic addition stimulated enzymatic activity, activated pools of organic C, N, and P, and was beneficial for the accumulation of dissolved organic C and N.

443 citations


Cites background from "Soil contamination by phthalate est..."

  • ...25 million tonnes which has contributed to the accumulation of microplastic in farmland (Yearbook, 2012; Wang et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2014)....

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  • ...32 to 1.25 million tonnes which has contributed to the accumulation of microplastic in farmland (Yearbook, 2012; Wang et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2014)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The distribution and migration of microplastics in soils is summarized, the separation, extraction, and identification methods for monitoring microplastic in soils are highlighted, and the ecological effects and pollution mechanisms of soil micropl Plastic pollution are discussed.

407 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data on reproductive hormone profiles and phthalate exposures in newborn boys are in accordance with rodent data and suggest that human Leydig cell development and function may also be vulnerable to perinatal exposure to some phthalates.
Abstract: Phthalates are chemicals with known endocrine-disrupting effects in rodents. Animal studies suggest that prenatal exposure to certain phthalates, specifically di-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), induces adverse effects on the male fetus that are distinct from effects seen in adult animals. DBP, DEHP and its metabolite mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (mEHP), and di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) show antiandrogenic effects. They alter Leydig cell differentiation and function and thus diminish fetal testosterone production (Borch et al. 2004, 2005; Fisher et al. 2003; Foster et al. 2001; Gray et al. 2000). Animals exposed in utero to DEHP show reduced anogenital distance and nipple retention. Additionally, a few animals have atrophic testes, severely reduced sperm production, cryptorchidism, or hypospadias (Jarfelt et al. 2005). These antiandrogenic actions of phthalates have been documented in several animal species (Kavlock et al. 2002a, 2002b). Because phthalates are present ubiquitously in the environment (e.g., polyvinyl chloride flooring, children’s toys, detergents, personal care products) and in diet through food production processes and packaging, humans are continuously exposed. However, few population studies on phthalate levels in humans have been reported, and the significance of exposure for human health is still unknown. Metabolites such as phthalate monoesters are particularly high in urine samples of young women and children with yet-unexplained differences between social classes and ethnic groups (Silva et al. 2004b). Recently, phthalates were also detected in pooled breast milk samples from American women (Calafat et al. 2004) and in infant formula (Latini et al. 2004; Mortensen et al. 2005; Petersen and Breindahl 2000; Shea 2003). Adverse effects of fetal phthalate exposure of humans may be detectable only in adulthood, and the development of early biomarkers for adverse effects is thus imperative. Newborn boys naturally exhibit a short activation of the pituitary–gonadal axis at approximately 3 months of age (Andersson et al. 1998). This feature can be applied diagnostically in cases of gonadotropin deficiency or testicular malfunction, because patients show a blunted or even absent postnatal hormonal peak (Main et al. 2000). In this study we aimed to evaluate adverse reproductive effects of exposure to phthalates in newborn boys by correlating reproductive hormone levels at 3 months of age to the concentration of six phthalate monoesters in breast milk, the major source of nutrition for infants worldwide.

641 citations


"Soil contamination by phthalate est..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Human Leydig cell development and function may be vulnerable and incomplete virilization in infant boys due to perinatal exposure to some phthalates (Main et al., 2006)....

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  • ...The pattern of distribution of each PAE was in agreement with those in suburban vegetable soils (Kong et al., 2012) and in water (Xie et al., 2007), sediments (Srivastava et al., 2010), atmospheric particles (Ma et al., 2003) and biota (Adibi et al., 2003; Main et al., 2006)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a fugacity-based modeling approach is used to assess whether there is an equilibrium among the various compartments of water, marine water, sediment, and fish in the Netherlands.

299 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The principal component analysis demonstrated different distribution patterns for PAH, PCB and PCDD/F congeners and for the various sites/regions examined, and the isomer ratios of DDTs and HCHs indicated different sources and residue levels in soils.

282 citations


"Soil contamination by phthalate est..." refers background or result in this paper

  • ...Larger amounts of PAEs may have been released from plastic films and some widely-used fertilizers leading to elevated PAEs in the soils (Cai et al., 2008)....

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  • ...The concentrations of DnBP and DEHP in plastic film greenhouse and polytunnel soils may been influenced by differences in the use of irrigation, fertilizers and plastic film as well as meteorological conditions and external pollutant sources (Mo et al., 2008; Cai et al., 2008; Kong et al., 2012)....

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  • ...Larger amounts of PAEs may have been released from plastic films and some widely-used fertilizers leading to elevated PAEs in the soils (Cai et al., 2008)....

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  • ...This result is in accord with the PAE components in vegetable soils, and the different sources of PAEs may reflect the difference in soil PAE profiles (Cai et al., 2008)....

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  • ...PAEs are among the most abundant semi-volatile organic chemicals found in Chinese soils (Cai et al., 2008)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results demonstrate considerable phthalate exposures during pregnancy among women in these two cohorts and indicate that inhalation is an important route of exposure.
Abstract: Experimental evidence has shown that certain phthalates can disrupt endocrine function and induce reproductive and developmental toxicity. However, few data are available on the extent of human exp...

273 citations


"Soil contamination by phthalate est..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Moreover, inhalation of substantial amounts of phthalates or their metabolites by women during pregnancy can result in abortion (Adibi et al., 2003)....

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  • ...The pattern of distribution of each PAE was in agreement with those in suburban vegetable soils (Kong et al., 2012) and in water (Xie et al., 2007), sediments (Srivastava et al., 2010), atmospheric particles (Ma et al., 2003) and biota (Adibi et al., 2003; Main et al., 2006)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the economic and social interest in the control of phthalate esters and in the availability of analytical methodologies for areas such as environmental and food analyses can be found in this paper.
Abstract: Excessive use of phthalate esters in industrial applications, mainly as plasticizers, has given rise to their persistent presence in consumer goods, and has raised numerous questions about their possible health effects or damage to the environment. This article presents an overview of the economic and social interest in the control of phthalate esters and in the availability of analytical methodologies for areas such as environmental and food analyses. It discusses potential contamination of the samples, usefulness of chromatographic techniques, generally after pre-treatment steps, and rare attempts to propose alternative techniques.

259 citations


"Soil contamination by phthalate est..." refers background in this paper

  • ...DnBP, DEHP, butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP) and diheptyl phthalate have endocrine disruptive effects in vivo (Hens and Caballos, 2003)....

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  • ..., 2008) and also from emission sources from the polymer industry and the production of vinyl flooring, synthetic leather, inks, adhesives and food products (Hens and Caballos, 2003; Kong et al., 2012)....

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  • ...…may have been derived from fertilizers, sediments and plastic film (Cai et al., 2007; Mo et al., 2008) and also from emission sources from the polymer industry and the production of vinyl flooring, synthetic leather, inks, adhesives and food products (Hens and Caballos, 2003; Kong et al., 2012)....

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  • ...The concentrations of PAEs in finished plastic products are in the range 10e60% by weight (Hens and Caballos, 2003)....

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  • ...Longer/branching alkyl chain PAEs such as DnBP, BBP, DnOP and DEHP have been widely used as plasticizers in the polymer industry to increase the flexibility, workability and general handling properties of plastics and about 80% of all phthalates are used for this purpose (Hens and Caballos, 2003; Zeng et al., 2008, 2009)....

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