Soil health: looking for suitable indicators. What should be considered to assess the effects of use and management on soil health?
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...Soil biological properties (MBC, enzymes) are among the most dynamic characteristics, which have a rapid response to landuse, landuse change, and soil/crop/animal management (Cardoso et al. 2013)....
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293 citations
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...The term ‘soil health’ is widely used in reference to sustainable agriculture (Kibblewhite et al., 2008; Cardoso et al., 2013), especially in the context of soil as a dynamic, living organism functioning holistically rather than as an inert substrate (Doran and Jones, 1996)....
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259 citations
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...Soil physical properties, mainly including bulk density, soil structure, water holding capacity and aggregate formation and stability, directly/indirectly influence the retention, movement and availability of soil nutrients as well as soil microbial activity, and consequently affect plant growth (Alameda et al. 2012; Cardoso et al. 2013; Nawaz et al. 2013; Hartmann et al. 2014; Kormanek et al. 2015; Heydari et al. 2017)....
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...…directly/indirectly influence the retention, movement and availability of soil nutrients as well as soil microbial activity, and consequently affect plant growth (Alameda et al. 2012; Cardoso et al. 2013; Nawaz et al. 2013; Hartmann et al. 2014; Kormanek et al. 2015; Heydari et al. 2017)....
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221 citations
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...Therefore, there is an urgent need to find early indicators of soil health degradation in response to agricultural management (Grime, 1997; Cardoso et al., 2013)....
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References
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