Book•
Soil Stabilization With Cement and Lime
01 Oct 1994-
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review on the subject of soil stabilization, which is the process whereby soils and related materials are made stronger and more durable by mixing with a stabilizing agent.
Abstract: This book reviews the subject of soil stabilization which is the process whereby soils and related materials are made stronger and more durable by mixing with a stabilizing agent. The process enables materials to be employed in the construction of road pavements which without stabilization would be unsuitable for use. The use of stabilized soils in place of natural aggregates can have considerable environmental and economic advantages. Although other stabilizing agents can be used, cement and lime are by far the most important and the book therefore concentrates on their use. The book begins with an outline of the principles of stabilization followed by a review of the methods of testing and the specifications in use in different parts of the world. The physical and chemical factors affecting the strength of stabilized soils are dealt with in depth, and then the book goes on to describe the practical aspects of the technology including the design process, construction techniques, quality control procedures, and problem areas. In the final chapter the environmental and economic benefits of the techniques are reviewed and summarized.
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TL;DR: In this article, the effects of discrete short polypropylene fiber (PP-fiber) on the strength and mechanical behavior of uncemented and cemented clayey soil were investigated.
702 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effectiveness of using high calcium fly ash and cement in stabilizing fine-grained clayey soils (CL,CH) was investigated in the laboratory using strength tests in uniaxial compression, in indirect (splitting) tension and flexure.
Abstract: The effectiveness of using high calcium fly ash and cement in stabilising fine-grained clayey soils (CL,CH) was investigated in the laboratory. Strength tests in uniaxial compression, in indirect (splitting) tension and flexure were carried out on samples to which various percentages of fly ash and cement had been added. Modulus of elasticity was determined at 90 days with different types of load application and 90-day soaked CBR values are also reported. Pavement structures incorporating subgrades improved by in situ stabilisation with fly ash and cement were analyzed for construction traffic and for operating traffic. These pavements are compared with conventional flexible pavements without improved subgrades and the results clearly show the technical benefits of stabilising clayey soils with fly ash and cement. In addition TG–SDTA and XRD tests were carried out on certain samples in order to study the hydraulic compounds, which were formed.
351 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors addressed the some fundamental and success soil improvement techniques used in civil engineering field and addressed the failure to identify the existence and magnitude of expansion of these soils in the early stage of project planning.
Abstract: Clayey soils are usually stiff when they are dry and give up their stiffness as they become saturated. Soft clays are associated with low compressive strength and excessive settlement. This reduction in strength due to moisture leads to severe damages to buildings and foundations. The soil behavior can be a challenge to the designer build infrastructure plans to on clay deposits. The damage due to the expansive soils every year is expected to be $1 billion in the USA, £150 million in the UK, and many billions of pounds worldwide. The damages associated with expansive soils are not because of the lack of inadequate engineering solutions but to the failure to identify the existence and magnitude of expansion of these soils in the early stage of project planning. One of the methods for soil improvement is that the problematic soil is replaced by suitable soil. The high cost involved in this method has led researchers to identify alternative methods, and soil stabilization with different additives is one of those methods. Recently, modern scientific techniques of soil stabilization are on offer for this purpose. Stabilized soil is a composite material that is obtained from the combination and optimization of properties of constituent materials. Adding cementing agents such as lime, cement and industrial byproducts like fly ash and slag, with soil results in improved geotechnical properties. However, during the past few decades, a number of cases have been reported where sulfate-rich soils stabilized by cement or lime underwent a significant amount of heave leading to pavement failure. This research paper addressed the some fundamental and success soil improvement that used in civil engineering field.
230 citations
TL;DR: A review of the recent applications of biopolymers in geotechnical engineering can be found in this paper, where the economic feasibility of using biopolymer implementation in the field is analyzed in comparison to ordinary cement, from environmental perspectives.
Abstract: Soil treatment and improvement is commonly performed in the field of geotechnical engineering. Methods and materials to achieve this such as soil stabilization and mixing with cementitious binders have been utilized in engineered soil applications since the beginning of human civilization. Demand for environment-friendly and sustainable alternatives is currently rising. Since cement, the most commonly applied and effective soil treatment material, is responsible for heavy greenhouse gas emissions, alternatives such as geosynthetics, chemical polymers, geopolymers, microbial induction, and biopolymers are being actively studied. This study provides an overall review of the recent applications of biopolymers in geotechnical engineering. Biopolymers are microbially induced polymers that are high-tensile, innocuous, and eco-friendly. Soil–biopolymer interactions and related soil strengthening mechanisms are discussed in the context of recent experimental and microscopic studies. In addition, the economic feasibility of biopolymer implementation in the field is analyzed in comparison to ordinary cement, from environmental perspectives. Findings from this study demonstrate that biopolymers have strong potential to replace cement as a soil treatment material within the context of environment-friendly construction and development. Moreover, continuing research is suggested to ensure performance in terms of practical implementation, reliability, and durability of in situ biopolymer applications for geotechnical engineering purposes.
227 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the earlier reported case histories of sulphate attack in lime and cement stabilized clays and a list of precautionary measures to be adopted for controlling the ettringite formation have been suggested.
203 citations