Solar cell efficiency tables (version 41)
About: This article is published in Progress in Photovoltaics.The article was published on 2013-01-01. It has received 789 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Solar cell efficiency & Energy conversion efficiency.
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TL;DR: Graphene and related two-dimensional crystals and hybrid systems showcase several key properties that can address emerging energy needs, in particular for the ever growing market of portable and wearable energy conversion and storage devices.
Abstract: Graphene and related two-dimensional crystals and hybrid systems showcase several key properties that can address emerging energy needs, in particular for the ever growing market of portable and wearable energy conversion and storage devices. Graphene's flexibility, large surface area, and chemical stability, combined with its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, make it promising as a catalyst in fuel and dye-sensitized solar cells. Chemically functionalized graphene can also improve storage and diffusion of ionic species and electric charge in batteries and supercapacitors. Two-dimensional crystals provide optoelectronic and photocatalytic properties complementing those of graphene, enabling the realization of ultrathin-film photovoltaic devices or systems for hydrogen production. Here, we review the use of graphene and related materials for energy conversion and storage, outlining the roadmap for future applications.
2,850 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a planar heterojunction CH3NH3PbI3-xCl x solar cells with thin solid films of a perovskite absorber was shown to achieve power conversion efficiencies of up to 11.4% with optimized solution-based film formation.
Abstract: Organometal trihalide perovskite based solar cells have exhibited the highest efficiencies to-date when incorporated into mesostructured composites. However, thin solid films of a perovskite absorber should be capable of operating at the highest efficiency in a simple planar heterojunction configuration. Here, it is shown that film morphology is a critical issue in planar heterojunction CH3NH3PbI3-xCl x solar cells. The morphology is carefully controlled by varying processing conditions, and it is demonstrated that the highest photocurrents are attainable only with the highest perovskite surface coverages. With optimized solution based film formation, power conversion efficiencies of up to 11.4% are achieved, the first report of efficiencies above 10% in fully thin-film solution processed perovskite solar cells with no mesoporous layer. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
1,856 citations
TL;DR: Halide perovskites solar cells have the potential to exhibit higher energy conversion efficiencies with ultrathin films than conventional thin-film solar cells based on CdTe, CuInSe2 , and Cu2 ZnSnSe4.
Abstract: Halide perovskites solar cells have the potential to exhibit higher energy conversion efficiencies with ultrathin films than conventional thin-film solar cells based on CdTe, CuInSe2 , and Cu2 ZnSnSe4 . The superior solar-cell performance of halide perovskites may originate from its high optical absorption, comparable electron and hole effective mass, and electrically clean defect properties, including point defects and grain boundaries.
1,615 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensively and systematically review the leading candidate materials, present the limitations of each system, and analyze how these limitations can be overcome and overall cell performance improved.
Abstract: Recent developments in photovoltaic materials have led to continual improvements in their efficiency. We review the electrical characteristics of 16 widely studied geometries of photovoltaic materials with efficiencies of 10 to 29%. Comparison of these characteristics to the fundamental limits based on the Shockley-Queisser detailed-balance model provides a basis for identifying the key limiting factors, related to efficient light management and charge carrier collection, for these materials. Prospects for practical application and large-area fabrication are discussed for each material.
1,537 citations
TL;DR: Ionic liquids offer a unique suite of properties that make them important candidates for a number of energy related applications, such as fuel cell electrolytes and CO2 absorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Ionic liquids offer a unique suite of properties that make them important candidates for a number of energy related applications. Cation–anion combinations that exhibit low volatility coupled with high electrochemical and thermal stability, as well as ionic conductivity, create the possibility of designing ideal electrolytes for batteries, super-capacitors, actuators, dye sensitised solar cells and thermo-electrochemical cells. In the field of water splitting to produce hydrogen they have been used to synthesize some of the best performing water oxidation catalysts and some members of the protic ionic liquid family co-catalyse an unusual, very high energy efficiency water oxidation process. As fuel cell electrolytes, the high proton conductivity of some of the protic ionic liquid family offers the potential of fuel cells operating in the optimum temperature region above 100 °C. Beyond electrochemical applications, the low vapour pressure of these liquids, along with their ability to offer tuneable functionality, also makes them ideal as CO2 absorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture. Similarly, the tuneable phase properties of the many members of this large family of salts are also allowing the creation of phase-change thermal energy storage materials having melting points tuned to the application. This perspective article provides an overview of these developing energy related applications of ionic liquids and offers some thoughts on the emerging challenges and opportunities.
1,427 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a Co(II/III)tris(bipyridyl)-based redox electrolyte was used in conjunction with a custom synthesized donor-π-bridge-acceptor zinc porphyrin dye as sensitizer (designated YD2-o-C8).
Abstract: The iodide/triiodide redox shuttle has limited the efficiencies accessible in dye-sensitized solar cells. Here, we report mesoscopic solar cells that incorporate a Co(II/III)tris(bipyridyl)–based redox electrolyte in conjunction with a custom synthesized donor-π-bridge-acceptor zinc porphyrin dye as sensitizer (designated YD2-o-C8). The specific molecular design of YD2-o-C8 greatly retards the rate of interfacial back electron transfer from the conduction band of the nanocrystalline titanium dioxide film to the oxidized cobalt mediator, which enables attainment of strikingly high photovoltages approaching 1 volt. Because the YD2-o-C8 porphyrin harvests sunlight across the visible spectrum, large photocurrents are generated. Cosensitization of YD2-o-C8 with another organic dye further enhances the performance of the device, leading to a measured power conversion efficiency of 12.3% under simulated air mass 1.5 global sunlight.
5,462 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Mesoscopic solar cells that incorporate a Co(II/III)tris(bipyridyl)–based redox electrolyte in conjunction with a custom synthesized donor-π-bridge-acceptor zinc porphyrin dye as sensitizer are reported, enabling attainment of strikingly high photovoltages approaching 1 volt.
Abstract: Simultaneous modification of the dye and redox shuttle boosts the efficiency of a dye-sensitized solar cell. The iodide/triiodide redox shuttle has limited the efficiencies accessible in dye-sensitized solar cells. Here, we report mesoscopic solar cells that incorporate a Co(II/III)tris(bipyridyl)–based redox electrolyte in conjunction with a custom synthesized donor-π-bridge-acceptor zinc porphyrin dye as sensitizer (designated YD2-o-C8). The specific molecular design of YD2-o-C8 greatly retards the rate of interfacial back electron transfer from the conduction band of the nanocrystalline titanium dioxide film to the oxidized cobalt mediator, which enables attainment of strikingly high photovoltages approaching 1 volt. Because the YD2-o-C8 porphyrin harvests sunlight across the visible spectrum, large photocurrents are generated. Cosensitization of YD2-o-C8 with another organic dye further enhances the performance of the device, leading to a measured power conversion efficiency of 12.3% under simulated air mass 1.5 global sunlight.
5,385 citations
"Solar cell efficiency tables (versi..." refers background in this paper
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...Although slightly higher values for smaller area dye-sensitised cells have been reported in the journal Science [7], these higher values appear to be based solely on ‘in-house’ measurements [8], with such measurements known to be notably unreliable (editors of, and reviewers for, reputable journals are encouraged to ensure that any published cell result claiming to be the best in its field has been independently certified by an appropriately qualified laboratory)....
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TL;DR: Green et al. as mentioned in this paper presented consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules, and guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since July 2014 are reviewed.
Abstract: Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since July 2014 are reviewed. URI: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pip.2573/pdf [1] Authors: GREEN Martin A. EMERY Keith HISHIKAWA Y. WARTA W. DUNLOP Ewan Publication Year: 2015 Type: Articles in Journals
2,511 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported a new record total area efficiency of 19·9% for thin-film solar cells using three-stage co-evaporation with a modified surface termination.
Abstract: We report a new record total-area efficiency of 19·9% for CuInGaSe2-based thin-film solar cells. Improved performance is due to higher fill factor. The device was made by three-stage co-evaporation with a modified surface termination. Growth conditions, device analysis, and basic film characterization are presented. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1,964 citations
"Solar cell efficiency tables (versi..." refers background in this paper
...2 NREL (4/09) NREL, on glass [24] CIGS (submodule) 17....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a new certified world record efficiency of 20.1 and 20.3% for thin-film solar cells for the first time and analyzed the characteristics of solar cells on such a performance level and demonstrate a high degree of reproducibility.
Abstract: In this contribution, we present a new certified world record efficiency of 20.1 and 20.3% for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells. We analyse the characteristics of solar cells on such a performance level and demonstrate a high degree of reproducibility. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1,951 citations