Solar cell efficiency tables (version 50)

doi:10.1002/PIP.2909

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Solar cell efficiency tables (version 50)

Journal Article•DOI•

Solar cell efficiency tables (version 50)

Martin A. Green¹, Yoshihiro Hishikawa², Wilhelm Warta³, Ewan D. Dunlop, Dean H. Levi⁴, Jochen Hohl-Ebinger³, Anita W.H. Ho-Baillie¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (4)

University of New South Wales¹, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology², Fraunhofer Society³, National Renewable Energy Laboratory⁴

01 Jul 2017-Progress in Photovoltaics (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd)-Vol. 25, Iss: 7, pp 668-676

About: This article is published in Progress in Photovoltaics.The article was published on 2017-07-01 and is currently open access. It has received 812 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Solar cell efficiency & Energy conversion efficiency.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics: Background, Status, and Future Prospects

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Ajay Kumar Jena, Ashish Kulkarni, Tsutomu Miyasaka

01 Mar 2019-Chemical Reviews

TL;DR: The fundamentals, recent research progress, present status, and views on future prospects of perovskite-based photovoltaics, with discussions focused on strategies to improve both intrinsic and extrinsic (environmental) stabilities of high-efficiency devices are described.

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Abstract: The photovoltaics of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite materials have shown rapid improvements in solar cell performance, surpassing the top efficiency of semiconductor compounds such as CdTe and CIGS (copper indium gallium selenide) used in solar cells in just about a decade. Perovskite preparation via simple and inexpensive solution processes demonstrates the immense potential of this thin-film solar cell technology to become a low-cost alternative to the presently commercially available photovoltaic technologies. Significant developments in almost all aspects of perovskite solar cells and discoveries of some fascinating properties of such hybrid perovskites have been made recently. This Review describes the fundamentals, recent research progress, present status, and our views on future prospects of perovskite-based photovoltaics, with discussions focused on strategies to improve both intrinsic and extrinsic (environmental) stabilities of high-efficiency devices. Strategies and challenges regardi...

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1,720 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Next-generation organic photovoltaics based on non-fullerene acceptors

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Pei Cheng¹, Gang Li², Xiaowei Zhan³, Yang Yang¹•Institutions (3)

University of California, Los Angeles¹, Hong Kong Polytechnic University², Peking University³

01 Mar 2018-Nature Photonics

TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight recent progress on single-junction and tandem NFA solar cells and research directions to achieve even higher efficiencies of 15-20% using NFA-based organic photovoltaics are also proposed.

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Abstract: Over the past three years, a particularly exciting and active area of research within the field of organic photovoltaics has been the use of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). Compared with fullerene acceptors, NFAs possess significant advantages including tunability of bandgaps, energy levels, planarity and crystallinity. To date, NFA solar cells have not only achieved impressive power conversion efficiencies of ~13–14%, but have also shown excellent stability compared with traditional fullerene acceptor solar cells. This Review highlights recent progress on single-junction and tandem NFA solar cells and research directions to achieve even higher efficiencies of 15–20% using NFA-based organic photovoltaics are also proposed.

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1,404 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Solar cell efficiency tables (version 51)

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Martin A. Green¹, Yoshihiro Hishikawa², Ewan D. Dunlop, Dean H. Levi³, Jochen Hohl-Ebinger⁴, Anita Ho-Baillie¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (4)

University of New South Wales¹, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology², National Renewable Energy Laboratory³, Fraunhofer Society⁴

01 Jan 2018-Progress in Photovoltaics

792 citations

Cites background from "Solar cell efficiency tables (versi..."

...Since January 1993, Progress in Photovoltaics has published 6 monthly listings of the highest confirmed efficiencies for a range of photovoltaic cell and module technologies.(1,2) By providing guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables, this not only provides an authoritative summary of the current state‐of‐the‐art but also encourages researchers to seek independent confirmation of results and to report results on a standardised basis....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Scalable fabrication of perovskite solar cells

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Zhen Li¹, Talysa R. Klein¹, Dong Hoe Kim¹, Mengjin Yang¹, Joseph J. Berry¹, Maikel F.A.M. van Hest¹, Kai Zhu¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (1)

National Renewable Energy Laboratory¹

27 Mar 2018-Nature Reviews Materials

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review recent progress and challenges in scaling up perovskite solar cells and related efforts to enable the terawatt-scale manufacturing and deployment of this PV technology.

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Abstract: Perovskite materials use earth-abundant elements, have low formation energies for deposition and are compatible with roll-to-roll and other high-volume manufacturing techniques. These features make perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suitable for terawatt-scale energy production with low production costs and low capital expenditure. Demonstrations of performance comparable to that of other thin-film photovoltaics (PVs) and improvements in laboratory-scale cell stability have recently made scale up of this PV technology an intense area of research focus. Here, we review recent progress and challenges in scaling up PSCs and related efforts to enable the terawatt-scale manufacturing and deployment of this PV technology. We discuss common device and module architectures, scalable deposition methods and progress in the scalable deposition of perovskite and charge-transport layers. We also provide an overview of device and module stability, module-level characterization techniques and techno-economic analyses of perovskite PV modules. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a revolutionary class of photovoltaic technology. Here, we review recent progress and challenges in scaling up PSCs towards commercialization. We discuss several areas, including device architectures, deposition methods, scalable deposition of perovskite and charge transport layers, device stability, module-level characterization and techno-economic analyses.

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679 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Photovoltaic solar cell technologies: analysing the state of the art

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Pabitra K. Nayak¹, Suhas Mahesh¹, Henry J. Snaith¹, David Cahen²•Institutions (2)

University of Oxford¹, Weizmann Institute of Science²

01 Apr 2019-Nature Reviews Materials

TL;DR: Critically compare the different types of photovoltaic technologies, analyse the performance of the different cells and appraise possibilities for future technological progress.

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Abstract: The remarkable development in photovoltaic (PV) technologies over the past 5 years calls for a renewed assessment of their performance and potential for future progress. Here, we analyse the progress in cells and modules based on single-crystalline GaAs, Si, GaInP and InP, multicrystalline Si as well as thin films of polycrystalline CdTe and CuInxGa1−xSe2. In addition, we analyse the PV developments of the more recently emerged lead halide perovskites together with notable improvements in sustainable chalcogenides, organic PVs and quantum dots technologies. In addition to power conversion efficiencies, we consider many of the factors that affect power output for each cell type and note improvements in control over the optoelectronic quality of PV-relevant materials and interfaces and the discovery of new material properties. By comparing PV cell parameters across technologies, we appraise how far each technology may progress in the near future. Although accurate or revolutionary developments cannot be predicted, cross-fertilization between technologies often occurs, making achievements in one cell type an indicator of evolutionary developments in others. This knowledge transfer is timely, as the development of metal halide perovskites is helping to unite previously disparate, technology-focused strands of PV research. Nearly all types of solar photovoltaic cells and technologies have developed dramatically, especially in the past 5 years. Here, we critically compare the different types of photovoltaic technologies, analyse the performance of the different cells and appraise possibilities for future technological progress.

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638 citations

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References

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Journal Article•DOI•

High-performance photovoltaic perovskite layers fabricated through intramolecular exchange

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Woon Seok Yang, Jun Hong Noh, Nam Joong Jeon, Young Chan Kim, Seungchan Ryu, Jangwon Seo, Sang Il Seok¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (1)

Sungkyunkwan University¹

12 Jun 2015-Science

TL;DR: An approach for depositing high-quality FAPbI3 films, involving FAP bI3 crystallization by the direct intramolecular exchange of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) molecules intercalated in PbI2 with formamidinium iodide is reported.

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Abstract: The band gap of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskites allows broader absorption of the solar spectrum relative to conventional methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). Because the optoelectronic properties of perovskite films are closely related to film quality, deposition of dense and uniform films is crucial for fabricating high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We report an approach for depositing high-quality FAPbI3 films, involving FAPbI3 crystallization by the direct intramolecular exchange of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) molecules intercalated in PbI2 with formamidinium iodide. This process produces FAPbI3 films with (111)-preferred crystallographic orientation, large-grained dense microstructures, and flat surfaces without residual PbI2. Using films prepared by this technique, we fabricated FAPbI3-based PSCs with maximum power conversion efficiency greater than 20%.

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5,458 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Device Characteristics of CZTSSe Thin‐Film Solar Cells with 12.6% Efficiency

[...]

Wei Wang¹, Mark T. Winkler¹, Oki Gunawan¹, Tayfun Gokmen¹, Teodor K. Todorov¹, Yu Zhu¹, David B. Mitzi¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (1)

IBM¹

01 May 2014-Advanced Energy Materials

2,728 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Silicon heterojunction solar cell with interdigitated back contacts for a photoconversion efficiency over 26

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Kunta Yoshikawa¹, Hayato Kawasaki¹, Yoshida Wataru¹, Toru Irie¹, Katsunori Konishi¹, Kunihiro Nakano¹, Toshihiko Uto¹, Daisuke Adachi¹, Masanori Kanematsu¹, Hisashi Uzu¹, Kenji Yamamoto¹ - Show less +7 more•Institutions (1)

Kaneka Corporation¹

20 Mar 2017-Nature Energy

TL;DR: In this paper, a silicon heterojunction with interdigitated back contacts was presented, achieving an efficiency of 26.3% and a detailed loss analysis to guide further developments.

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Abstract: The efficiency of silicon solar cells has a large influence on the cost of most photovoltaics panels. Here, researchers from Kaneka present a silicon heterojunction with interdigitated back contacts reaching an efficiency of 26.3% and provide a detailed loss analysis to guide further developments.

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2,052 citations

"Solar cell efficiency tables (versi..." refers methods in this paper

...In March, an improved record was established when 31.3% efficiency was reported for a wafer bonded 2‐terminal stack of GaInP/GaAlAs/Si cells fabricated and measured by FhG‐ISE.27 An additional new entry from the above NREL/CSEM/EPFL team is for a 2‐junction (2j), 4‐terminal device consisting of a GaAs cell mechanically stacked on a Si cell, with a combined efficiency of 32.8% measured at NREL.26 Another noteworthy result from the same team is an only slightly lower combined efficiency of 32.5% for a similar 2j, 4‐terminal device consisting of a GaInP cell mechanically stacked on a Si cell....
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...3% was reported for a large area (180‐cm(2)) silicon solar cell fabricated by Kaneka, using an amorphous silicon heterojunction interdigitated back contact (IBC) approach.(5) Three subsequent improvements have been reported for this device structure, all for cells fabricated by Kaneka....
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...6% has been measured for a large‐area 180‐cm(2) silicon heterojunction IBC cell fabricated by Kaneka and measured at FhG‐ISE.(5) The previous entry for a Pb‐free CIGSS (CuIn1‐xGaxSe2‐ySy) cell efficiency is corrected to 22....
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...An improved efficiency of 12.4% was reported in December 2016 for a 16‐cm2 8‐cell minimodule fabricated by IMEC, Belgium, and measured by FhG‐ISE....
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...Solar cell efficiency targets in governmental research programs generally have been specified in terms of a cell area of 1‐cm2 or larger.62-64 The final new result is in Table 5 where an improved direct beam efficiency of 35.1% is reported for a small‐area, 2‐terminal, monolithic GaInP/GaInAs cell under 407 suns concentration with the cell fabricated and measured by FhG‐ISE....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Stability of polymer solar cells.

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Mikkel Jørgensen¹, Kion Norrman, Suren A. Gevorgyan, Thomas Tromholt, Birgitta Andreasen, Frederik C. Krebs - Show less +2 more•Institutions (1)

Technical University of Denmark¹

02 Feb 2012-Advanced Materials

TL;DR: The developments in stability/degradation of OPVs in the last five years are reviewed, such as inverted device structures of the bulk heterojunction geometry device, which allows for more stable metal electrodes, the choice of more photostable active materials, the introduction of interfacial layers, and roll-to-roll fabrication.

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Abstract: Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) evolve in an exponential manner in the two key areas of efficiency and stability. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) has in the last decade been increased by almost a factor of ten approaching 10%. A main concern has been the stability that was previously measured in minutes, but can now, in favorable circumstances, exceed many thousands of hours. This astonishing achievement is the subject of this article, which reviews the developments in stability/degradation of OPVs in the last five years. This progress has been gained by several developments, such as inverted device structures of the bulk heterojunction geometry device, which allows for more stable metal electrodes, the choice of more photostable active materials, the introduction of interfacial layers, and roll-to-roll fabrication, which promises fast and cheap production methods while creating its own challenges in terms of stability.

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1,258 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 39)

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Martin A. Green¹, Keith Emery², Yoshihiro Hishikawa³, Wilhelm Warta⁴, Ewan D. Dunlop - Show less +1 more•Institutions (4)

University of New South Wales¹, National Renewable Energy Laboratory², National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology³, Fraunhofer Society⁴

01 Jan 2012-Progress in Photovoltaics

1,210 citations

"Solar cell efficiency tables (versi..." refers background in this paper

...The most important criterion for inclusion of results into the tables is that they must have been independently measured by a recognised test centre listed elsewhere.(1) A distinction is made between 3 different eligible definitions of cell area: total area, aperture area, and designated illumination area, as also defined elsewhere....
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...A distinction is made between 3 different eligible definitions of cell area: total area, aperture area, and designated illumination area, as also defined elsewhere.(1) “Active area” efficiencies are not included....
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