Solar control characteristics of Cu2Se coatings
TL;DR: In this article, the solar control properties of Cu2Se thin film coatings were investigated and the results are presented, which show that they exhibit superior solar control characteristics in certain respects over the metallic and PbS coatings and have comparable characteristics with CuxS films.
Abstract: Solar control coatings required for architectural glazing applications in tropical locations warrant much attention due to their vital role in energy conservation. The solar control properties of Cu2Se thin film coatings were investigated and the results are presented. It was observed that Cu2Se coatings have moderate optical transmittance and low reflectance in the visible region and high reflectance and low transmittance in the IR region. These characteristics are useful for the above purpose. The evaluation of their solar control parameters in the visible and IR region showed that they exhibit superior solar control characteristics in certain respects over the metallic and PbS coatings and have comparable characteristics with CuxS films.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the results obtained from the characterization of a S i photovoltaic module, which was protected with an infrared filter (water filter), and compared with and without an IR filter.
Abstract: In this work the authors report the results obtained from the characterization of a S i photovoltaic module, which was protected with an infrared filter (water filter). The photovoltaic parameters such as short circuit current ( I sc ), open circuit voltage ( V oc ), maximum current ( I m ), maximum voltage ( V m ), fill factor, efficiency ( η ) and maximum power of the module were determined and compared with and without an infrared filter. A noticeable improvement in the photovoltaic parameters of the module was observed when a water filter was employed.
7 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a range of combination of rsquare operator approximately 30 Omega to 1 M Omega and T% (500 nm) approximately 1 to 65 and a color of reflected daylight (golden yellow, purple, blue, green, etc.) can be obtained from chemical baths constituted from copper(II) chloride, triethanolamine and thiourea at appropriate pH.
Abstract: CuxS thin films with a wide range of sheet resistances (rSquare Operator ) and optical transmittance (T%), indicating different composition x, have been obtained from chemical baths constituted from copper(II) chloride, triethanolamine and thiourea at appropriate pH (10-12). Depending on the deposition parameters, a range of combination of rSquare Operator approximately=30 Omega to 1 M Omega and T% (500 nm) approximately=1 to 65 and a range of colour of reflected daylight (golden yellow, purple, blue, green, etc.) can be obtained. The films have been found to be stable with respect to electrical and optical properties on storage under ambient. Various possible large area applications such as in architectural glazing, photothermal and photovoltaic conversions are discussed.
168 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the basic requirements of solar control coatings are presented and a comparison of the characteristics of PbS and CuxS coatings against commercially available coatings is provided.
Abstract: Solar control coatings, required for architectural glazing applications in warm climates, must provide controlled optical transmission ( approximately 10-50%) of the solar radiation in the visible region and should reflect efficiently in the infrared (>0.7 mu m) region to create a cool interior in the buildings. Thin films of PbS and CuxS on glass substrates, deposited from chemical baths, are shown to possess excellent solar control characteristics-superior or comparable to the metallic solar control coatings. For example, for an acceptable range of integrated optical transmittance ( approximately 10-20%) in the visible region, the integrated infrared reflectance for AM2 solar spectrum for the different glazings are: PbS coated glass, 50%; CuxS coated glass, 14%; stainless steel/Cu coated glass, 25% and tinted glass, 4%. The CuxS and PbS coatings also have the advantage of giving pleasant reflected colours (golden, purple, blue, etc), which improves the cosmetic appearance. This paper presents the basic requirements of solar control coatings and provides a comparison of the characteristics of PbS and CuxS coatings against commercially available coatings.
138 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the safety and cost and the optimisation of chemically deposited PbS thin films for solar control applications are presented. But the results of the analysis are limited to the case of 3 mm thick clear glass with a shading coefficient of approximately 50%.
Abstract: Assessments of safety and cost and the optimisation of chemically deposited PbS thin films for solar control applications are presented. The maximum integrated infrared reflectance, 44%, is obtained at a PbS thin film thickness of approximately=95 nm. The corresponding value of the solar control parameters (AM2 case) are: integrated infrared transmittance, 45%; integrated visible transmittance, 17% (yellowish appearance); integrated visible reflectance, 21% (purple appearance); and integrated solar absorptance, 36%. The total solar radiation and heat transfer into the building through a glazing with such a PbS coating is less than 44%, as compared with the approximately=84% of 3 mm thick clear glass, giving a shading coefficient of approximately=50%. A film thickness of 95 nm is obtainable with a deposition time of 50 min from a bath (at 24 degrees C) containing Pb2+ ions and thiourea in the 1:3 molar ratio. However, molar ratios up to 1:5 may be employed, thereby enabling the reduction of deposition time to 35 min. Analyses of the safety and the cost of these coatings have shown excellent promise for their application as medium-efficiency low-cost solar control coatings appropriate for small-scale industrial and 'do-it-yourself' production of the coatings.
96 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrical and optical properties of thin films of highly doped oxides of In and Sn were investigated and the free electron mobility was limited mainly by ionized impurity scattering.
Abstract: The electrical and optical properties of thin films of the highly doped oxides of In and Sn are investigated. Maximum free electron densities of 15 × 10 20 cm −3 in In 2 O 3 and 7 × 10 20 cm −3 in SnO 2 are obtained in films prepared by the hot spray technique by appropriate doping. Free electron density and mobility are strongly influenced by additional oxygen. The free electron mobility is limited mainly by ionized impurity scattering. Optimized filters are designed for solar collector and window applications, taking into account a modified Drude behaviour.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, chemical deposition of lead sulfide thin films on glass substrates was used to satisfy the basic requirements for solar control coatings for window glazing applications in warm climates, where a low transmittance ( ∼10% to 30% ) in the visible region is coupled with an appreciable reflectance for infrared radiation.
Abstract: Chemically deposited lead sulfide thin films on glass substrates are found to satisfy the basic requirements for solar control coatings for window glazing applications in warm climates, where a low transmittance ( ∼10%–30% ) in the visible region is to be coupled with an appreciable reflectance for infrared radiation The depositions were made on glass substrates from alkaline/ ammoniacal baths of lead acetate, thiourea and small amounts of triethanolamine The coating can produce a gray, purple or bluish appearance in reflected daylight with near normal specular reflectance (visible region) of ∼15%–25% These coatings appear yellowish in transmitted daylight with 7%–25% transmittance, depending on the duration of deposition The integrated infrared (070 to 25 μm) reflectance for air mass (AM) 2 solar spectrum of typical PbS coated glass is ∼37% as compared to ∼7% for the uncoated glass The advantages of chemical deposition for large area coatings, the desirable features of PbS as a solar control coating, and toxicity considerations are discussed
65 citations