Solar thermal collectors and applications
TL;DR: A survey of the various types of solar thermal collectors and applications is presented in this paper, where an analysis of the environmental problems related to the use of conventional sources of energy is presented and the benefits offered by renewable energy systems are outlined.
About: This article is published in Progress in Energy and Combustion Science.The article was published on 2004-01-01. It has received 2620 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Solar water heating & Parabolic trough.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, a review has been done on scope of CO2 mitigation through solar cooker, water heater, dryer, biofuel, improved cookstove and by hydrogen, which provides an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and reducing global warming through substituting conventional energy sources.
Abstract: Renewable technologies are considered as clean sources of energy and optimal use of these resources minimize environmental impacts, produce minimum secondary wastes and are sustainable based on current and future economic and social societal needs. Sun is the source of all energies. The primary forms of solar energy are heat and light. Sunlight and heat are transformed and absorbed by the environment in a multitude of ways. Some of these transformations result in renewable energy flows such as biomass and wind energy. Renewable energy technologies provide an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and reducing global warming through substituting conventional energy sources. In this article a review has been done on scope of CO2 mitigation through solar cooker, water heater, dryer, biofuel, improved cookstoves and by hydrogen.
2,584 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a review of solar collectors and thermal energy storage systems, including both non-concentrating collectors and concentrating collectors, in terms of optical optimisation, heat loss reduction, heat recuperation enhancement and different sun-tracking mechanisms.
1,370 citations
Cites background from "Solar thermal collectors and applic..."
...However, the technologies involved in solar collectors have been much improved since that review was published, so that some of the latest collectors, such as PVT (Photovoltaic-Thermal) collectors, were not available in time for inclusion in [6]....
[...]
...In 2004, Kalogirou [6] reviewed several different types of solar thermal collectors that were in common use, and provided relative thermal analyses and practical applications of each type....
[...]
TL;DR: Tao et al. as discussed by the authors discuss the development of the key components for achieving high-performance evaporation, including solar absorbers and structures, thermal insulators and thermal concentrators.
Abstract: As a ubiquitous solar-thermal energy conversion process, solar-driven evaporation has attracted tremendous research attention owing to its high conversion efficiency of solar energy and transformative industrial potential. In recent years, solar-driven interfacial evaporation by localization of solar-thermal energy conversion to the air/liquid interface has been proposed as a promising alternative to conventional bulk heating-based evaporation, potentially reducing thermal losses and improving energy conversion efficiency. In this Review, we discuss the development of the key components for achieving high-performance evaporation, including solar absorbers, evaporation structures, thermal insulators and thermal concentrators, and discuss how they improve the performance of the solar-driven interfacial evaporation system. We describe the possibilities for applying this efficient solar-driven interfacial evaporation process for energy conversion applications. The exciting opportunities and challenges in both fundamental research and practical implementation of the solar-driven interfacial evaporation process are also discussed. The thermal properties of solar energy can be exploited for many applications, including evaporation. Tao et al. review recent developments in the field of solar-driven interfacial evaporation, which have enabled higher-performance structures by localizing energy conversion to the air/liquid interface.
1,139 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential applications of renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuel combustion as the prime energy sources in various countries, and discusses problems associated with biomass combustion in boiler power systems.
973 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of various systems that use renewable energy sources for desalination, including solar collectors, photovoltaics, solar ponds and geothermal energy.
949 citations
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an active and passive building heating system for solar thermal power systems, where the active system is designed by f--chart and the passive one by Utilizability Methods.
Abstract: FUNDAMENTALS. Solar Radiation. Available Solar Radiation. Selected Heat Transfer Topics. Radiation Characteristics of Opaque Materials. Radiation Transmission Through Glazing: Absorbed Radiation. Flat--Plate Collectors. Concentrating Collectors. Energy Storage. Solar Process Loads. System Thermal Calculations. Solar Process Economics. APPLICATIONS. Solar Water Heating----Active and Passive. Building Heating----Active. Building Heating: Passive and Hybrid Methods. Cooling. Industrial Process Heat. Solar Thermal Power Systems. Solar Ponds: Evaporative Processes. THERMAL DESIGN METHODS. Simulations in Solar Process Design. Design of Active Systems by f--Chart. Design of Active Systems by Utilizability Methods. Design of Passive and Hybrid Heating Systems. Design of Photovoltaic Systems. Appendices. Author Index. Subject Index.
9,391 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an active and passive building heating system for solar thermal power systems, where the active system is designed by f--chart and the passive one by Utilizability Methods.
Abstract: FUNDAMENTALS. Solar Radiation. Available Solar Radiation. Selected Heat Transfer Topics. Radiation Characteristics of Opaque Materials. Radiation Transmission Through Glazing: Absorbed Radiation. Flat--Plate Collectors. Concentrating Collectors. Energy Storage. Solar Process Loads. System Thermal Calculations. Solar Process Economics. APPLICATIONS. Solar Water Heating----Active and Passive. Building Heating----Active. Building Heating: Passive and Hybrid Methods. Cooling. Industrial Process Heat. Solar Thermal Power Systems. Solar Ponds: Evaporative Processes. THERMAL DESIGN METHODS. Simulations in Solar Process Design. Design of Active Systems by f--Chart. Design of Active Systems by Utilizability Methods. Design of Passive and Hybrid Heating Systems. Design of Photovoltaic Systems. Appendices. Author Index. Subject Index.
7,831 citations
"Solar thermal collectors and applic..." refers background or methods in this paper
...and for two-axes tracking collector [1,97]...
[...]
...For a single axis tracking collector the maximum possible concentration is given by [1,97]:...
[...]
...Other storage capacities can be used by modifying X by a storage size correction factor Xc=X as given by Duffie and Beckman [97]....
[...]
...The PWF can be obtained from tables or calculated by the following equation [97]:...
[...]
...Experience indicates that availability of the collector fields is about 99% [97]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present various applications of neural networks mainly in renewable energy problems in a thematic rather than a chronological or any other order, which clearly suggest that artificial neural networks can be used for modelling in other fields of renewable energy production and use.
Abstract: Artificial neural networks are widely accepted as a technology offering an alternative way to tackle complex and ill-defined problems. They can learn from examples, are fault tolerant in the sense that they are able to handle noisy and incomplete data, are able to deal with non-linear problems and, once trained, can perform prediction and generalisation at high speed. They have been used in diverse applications in control, robotics, pattern recognition, forecasting, medicine, power systems, manufacturing, optimisation, signal processing and social/psychological sciences. They are particularly useful in system modelling such as in implementing complex mappings and system identification. This paper presents various applications of neural networks mainly in renewable energy problems in a thematic rather than a chronological or any other order. Artificial neural networks have been used by the author in the field of solar energy; for modelling and design of a solar steam generating plant, for the estimation of a parabolic trough collector intercept factor and local concentration ratio and for the modelling and performance prediction of solar water heating systems. They have also been used for the estimation of heating loads of buildings, for the prediction of air flow in a naturally ventilated test room and for the prediction of the energy consumption of a passive solar building. In all those models a multiple hidden layer architecture has been used. Errors reported in these models are well within acceptable limits, which clearly suggest that artificial neural networks can be used for modelling in other fields of renewable energy production and use. The work of other researchers in the field of renewable energy and other energy systems is also reported. This includes the use of artificial neural networks in solar radiation and wind speed prediction, photovoltaic systems, building services systems and load forecasting and prediction.
1,016 citations
Book•
01 Jun 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce solar energy conversion, thermal energy storage and transport, and photovoltaics for capturing solar energy through biomass, and economic analysis.
Abstract: 1. Introduction to Solar Energy Conversion 2. Fundamentals of Solar Radiation 3. Methods of Solar Collection and Thermal Conversion 4. Thermal Energy Storage and Transport 5. Solar-Heating Systems 6. Solar Cooling and Dehumidification 7. Passive Methods for Heating, Cooling and Daylighting 8. Solar Thermal Power and Process Heat 9. Photovoltaics 10. Solar Photochemical Applications 11. Capturing Solar Energy through Biomass 12. Introduction to Economic Analysis
960 citations
Book•
31 Dec 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, the technical and economic prospects for making fuels and electricity from renewable energy sources are assessed, including hydropower, wind energy, solar thermal electric technology, photovoltaic technology, ocean energy systems, geothermal energy, biomass conversion technology, and solar hydrogen.
Abstract: This book assesses the technical and economic prospects for making fuels and electricity from renewable energy sources. Twenty-three chapters discuss the following renewable technologies: hydropower; wind energy; solar thermal electric technology; photovoltaic technology (6 chapters); ocean energy systems; geothermal energy; biomass conversion technology (8 chapters); solar hydrogen; and utility strategies for using renewables. All chapters have been processed for inclusion on the data base.
841 citations