Solid C60: A New Form of Carbon.
About: This article is published in ChemInform.The article was published on 1991-01-08. It has received 193 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Carbon.
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1,063 citations
TL;DR: The observation of an all-boron fullerene-like cage cluster at B40(-) with an extremely low electron-binding energy is reported, by photoelectron spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations show that this arises from a cage structure with a large energy gap, but that a quasi-planar isomer of B40 (-) with two adjacent hexagonal holes is slightly more stable than the fullerenes structure.
Abstract: Main-group analogues to fullerene-C60 have been predicted theoretically many times. Now, B40− has been observed using photoelectron spectroscopy and, with its neutral analogue, B40, confirmed computationally. In contrast to fullerene-C60, the all-boron fullerene (or borospherene) features triangles, hexagons and heptagons, bonded uniformly by delocalized σ and π bonds over the cage surface.
679 citations
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28 Nov 1999TL;DR: The physics of nanotubes and their properties are discussed in this paper, where the ultimate carbon fibre is described as "curved crystals, inorganic fullerenes and nanorods".
Abstract: 1 Introduction 2 Synthesis 3 Structure 4 The physics of nanotubes 5 Nano-capsules and nano-test-tubes 6 The ultimate carbon fibre? 7 Curved crystals, inorganic fullerenes and nanorods 8 Carbon onions and spheroidal carbon 9 Future directions Index
654 citations
TL;DR: The environmental fate, distribution, and biological risk associated with this important class of engineered nanomaterials will require a model that addresses not only the properties of bulk C60 but also that of the aggregate form generated in aqueous media.
Abstract: Upon contact with water, under a variety of conditions, C60 spontaneously forms a stable aggregate with nanoscale dimensions (d = 25-500 nm), termed here "nano-C60". The color, hydrophobicity, and reactivity of individual C60 are substantially altered in this aggregate form. Herein, we provide conclusive lines of evidence demonstrating that in solution these aggregates are crystalline in order and remain as underivatized C60 throughout the formation/stabilization process that can later be chemically reversed. Particle size can be affected by formation parameters such as rates and the pH of the water addition. Once formed, nano-C60 remains stable in solution at or below ionic strengths of 0.05 I for months. In addition to demonstrating aggregate formation and stability over a wide range of conditions, results suggest that prokaryotic exposure to nano-C60 at relatively low concentrations is inhibitory, indicated by lack of growth (> or = 0.4 ppm) and decreased aerobic respiration rates (4 ppm). This work demonstrates the fact that the environmental fate, distribution, and biological risk associated with this important class of engineered nanomaterials will require a model that addresses not only the properties of bulk C60 but also that of the aggregate form generated in aqueous media.
650 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the preparation and crystal structure of a three-dimensional supramolecular complex that is stabilized by an intricate array of non-covalent interactions involving contributions from solvent water clusters, most notably a water decamer ((H2O) with an ice-like molecular arrangement.
Abstract: Chemical self-assembly is the process by which ‘programmed’ molecular subunits spontaneously form complex supramolecular frameworks1,2. This approach has been applied to many model systems, in which hydrogen bonds3,4, metal–ligand coordination5 or other non-covalent interactions6 typically control the self-assembly process. In biology, self-assembly is generally dynamic and depends on the cooperation of many such non-covalent interactions. Water can play an important role in these biological self-assembly processes, for example by stabilizing the native conformation of biopolymers7,8,9. Hydrogen-bonded (H2O)n clusters10,11 can play an important role in stabilizing some supramolecular species, both natural and synthetic, in aqueous solution. Here we report the preparation and crystal structure of a self-assembled, three-dimensional supramolecular complex that is stabilized by an intricate array of non-covalent interactions involving contributions from solvent water clusters, most notably a water decamer ((H2O)10) with an ice-like molecular arrangement. These findings show that the degree of structuring that can be imposed on water by its surroundings, and vice versa, can be profound.
497 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a new form of pure, solid carbon has been synthesized consisting of a somewhat disordered hexagonal close packing of soccer-ball-shaped C60 molecules.
Abstract: A new form of pure, solid carbon has been synthesized consisting of a somewhat disordered hexagonal close packing of soccer-ball-shaped C60 molecules. Infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction studies of the molecular packing confirm that the molecules have the anticipated 'fullerene' structure. Mass spectroscopy shows that the C70 molecule is present at levels of a few per cent. The solid-state and molecular properties of C60 and its possible role in interstellar space can now be studied in detail.
6,650 citations