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Journal ArticleDOI

Solution-blended polyethersulfone–graphite hybrid composites: Formation of nanographite and electrical characterization

01 Jun 2015-Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials (SAGE Publications)-Vol. 28, Iss: 6, pp 835-848
TL;DR: In this article, a solution-blended hybrid composites with carbon black (CB) as the second conducting filler in polyethersulfone (PES)-graphite have been prepared by first dissolving PES in dichloro methane.
Abstract: Solution-blended hybrid composites with carbon black (CB) as the second conducting filler in polyethersulfone (PES)-graphite have been prepared by first dissolving PES in dichloro methane. Addition of 1 wt% CB to solution-blended PES-7 wt% graphite results in decrease in the direct current electrical resistivity by four orders compared to the addition of 0 wt% CB. The particle size of graphite is reduced from few micron to nano level as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy analysis resulting in better dispersion. Without the addition of CB, the binary composite namely PES-7 wt% graphite exhibits finite conductivity due to increase in the contact between graphite particles as a result of reduction in the particle size. Comparison of electrical conductivity of PES-7 wt% graphite-2 wt% CB composites prepared by both solution-blending and powder-mixing routes proves the above-mentioned point. The alternating current behaviour, both conductance and effective dielectric constant studies shows that solu...
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nanocomposites of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated using a facile solution blending technique with the variable weight of MWCNTs.
Abstract: Nanocomposites of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been fabricated using a facile solution blending technique with the variable weight of MWCNT...

14 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent research activities on structure-property correlations in conducting polymer-graphite binary and hybrid composites and their applications in diversified fields is presented.
Abstract: The importance of conducting polymer composites can be gauged from the fact that they are being intensively focused in various applications like fuel cell bipolar plates, EMI shielding devices, sensors, actuators, anticorrosion coatings, solar cells, biomaterials, etc. The light-weight, cost reduction, and ease of processing of the polymer-based products make them very attractive to replace conventional materials. Harnessing the synergism in properties between both micron and nanosized conducting filler particles and the polymer, the properties of the composite system could be enhanced in a better manner. In this regard constant search of novel conducting fillers especially graphite and graphite-derived high aspect ratio fillers along with polymers paved a path for realizing high-performance conducting composites. There is an urge in understanding latest trends in the field of conducting polymer binary and hybrid composites starting from synthesis, processing to applications. Hence this book chapter is intended to review recent research activities on structure-property correlations in conducting polymer-graphite binary and hybrid composites and their applications in diversified fields.

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)-expanded graphite (ExGr) conducting nanocomposites have been prepared by powder mixing and in situ polymerization routes after sonicating ExGr particles in acetone.
Abstract: Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)-expanded graphite (ExGr) conducting nanocomposites have been prepared by powder mixing and in situ polymerization routes after sonicating ExGr particles in acetone. Synt...

6 citations


Cites methods from "Solution-blended polyethersulfone–g..."

  • ...Conducting hybrid composites have also been focused in which nanofillers are used as the second conducting component.(19) In hybrid composites, the nanofillers will be used along with the conventional cheap fillers, and hence percolation threshold can be reduced compared to binary composites with micron-sized filler alone....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the electrical percolation threshold of powder-mixed polypropylene (PP) and graphite binary composites was found to have inverse relation to the aspect ratio of second conducting fillers in hybrid composites.
Abstract: Powder-mixed polypropylene (PP)–graphite binary composites exhibit an electrical percolation threshold at 10 wt% graphite signifying insulator-semiconductor transition. Three conducting fillers such as carbon black (CB), sonicated expanded graphite (s-ExGr), and carbon nanofiber (CNF) are mixed with PP-7 wt% graphite binary composites. The electrical percolation threshold has been found to have inverse relation to the aspect ratio of second conducting fillers in hybrid composites. The aspect ratio of second conducting fillers varies in the order CB < ExGr < CNF. The electrical percolation threshold is found to vary for the hybrid composites as 2.2 wt% for CB addition, 0.75 wt% for ExGr addition, and 0.2 wt% for CNF addition in the PP-7 wt% graphite binary composites. When the aspect ratio of second conducting fillers increases, they reduce the barrier for the charge transport. The second conducting fillers occupy the interspace of graphite and alternating current studies show that the effective dielectric...

6 citations


Cites background or result from "Solution-blended polyethersulfone–g..."

  • ...This should eventually lead to increase in junction capacitance with respect to concentration of second conducting fillers.(21,28,31) As discussed above, when the aspect ratio of second conducting filler increases, the interparticular distance decreases which should result in enhancement in the effective dielectric constant....

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  • ...This is due to the fact that CB particles decrease the barrier for the charge transport between graphite particles.(28) The electrical conductivity of CB particles lies in semiconducting range....

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  • ...This kind of result has been published earlier also.(28) Figure 8....

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Journal ArticleDOI
27 Jan 2022-Polymers
TL;DR: In this article , the electrical conductivity of traditional epoxy/graphite composites for engineering applications was investigated and the effect of different sizes of graphite particles of the same type and controlling their curing process conditions was investigated.
Abstract: This study aims to improve the electrical-mechanical performance of traditional epoxy/graphite composites for engineering applications. The improvement in the properties of these composites depended on the incorporation of different sizes of graphite particles of the same type and controlling their curing process conditions. The thermal properties and microstructural changes were also characterized. A maximum in-plane electrical conductivity value of approximately 23 S/cm was reported for composites containing 80 wt.% G with a particle size of 150 µm. The effect of combining large and small G particles increased this value to approximately 32 S/cm by replacing the large particle size with 10 wt.% smaller particles (75 µm). A further increase in the electrical conductivity to approximately 50 S/cm was achieved due to the increase in curing temperature and time. Increasing the curing temperature or time also had a crucial role in improving the tensile strength of the composites and a tensile strength of ~19 MPa was reported using a system of multiple filler particle sizes processed at the highest curing temperature and time compared to ~9 MPa for epoxy/G150 at 80 wt.%. TGA analysis showed that the composites are thermally stable, and stability was improved by the addition of filler to the resin. A slight difference in the degraded weights and the glass transition temperatures between composites of different multiple filler particle sizes was also observed from the TGA and DSC results.

5 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the design and manufacturing alternatives for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells are described and analyzed within the context of vehicle applications, following a review of many alternatives, 16 polymer electrolyte membranes, 2 types of gas diffusion layers (GDL), 8 types of anode catalysts, 4 types of cathodes catalysts and over 100 bipolar plate designs are recommended for further study.

1,585 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic electrical and rheological characterization of percolation in commercial polydisperse polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites containing multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is presented.
Abstract: A systematic electrical and rheological characterization of percolation in commercial polydisperse polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites containing multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is presented. The MWCNTs confer appreciable electrical conductivities (up to ca. 1 S/m) to these nanocomposites at a concentration of 8 vol %. In addition to enhancing the electrical properties, even at small concentrations (ca. 2 vol %), MWCNTs significantly enhance the rheological properties of PS melts. At concentrations exceeding 2 vol %, a plateau appears in the storage modulus G‘ at low frequencies, indicating the formation of a percolated MWCNT network that responds elastically over long timescales. Network formation, in turn, implies a diverging complex viscosity vs complex modulus curve. A focus of this study is on the correlation between electrical and rheological properties at the onset of percolation. The experimental results indicate that the elastic load transfer and electrical conductivity are far more sensitive to ...

283 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the electrical conductivity of a composite model system formed by highly structured carbon black (CB) filled, within an amorphous polymer, poly~ethylene terephtalate! composite is studied.
Abstract: The electrical conductivity of a composite model system formed by highly structured carbon black ~CB! filled, within an amorphous polymer, poly~ethylene terephtalate! composite is studied. The dc conductivity as a function of CB content follows a scaling law of the type s}(p2pc) t yielding for the percolation concentration, pc50.011 and for the exponent, t52.17. The analysis of the temperature dependence of the conductivity suggests that for temperatures larger than 45 K, conduction can be ascribed to thermal fluctuation induced tunneling of the charge carriers through the insulating layer of polymer separating two CB aggregates. At lower temperatures, conductivity becomes temperature independent, which is typical of conventional tunneling. The frequency dependence of the conductivity is also studied between dc and 10 Hz. By the introduction of a shift factor ap , a procedure for the construction of a master curve based on a ‘‘time-length equivalence principle’’ is proposed. Finally, a model is introduced to describe the frequency dependence of the conductivity of CB-filled composites based on the behavior of charge carriers placed in a fractal object. @S0163-1829~98!06304-8#

248 citations


"Solution-blended polyethersulfone–g..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In this regard, polymer-CB composites have been studied extensively.(10,11) With the addition of the conducting filler, the onset frequency of increase in alternating current (AC) conductivity shifts to higher value....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrical conductivity of carbon-filled polymers was studied by adding four single fillers to nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate in increasing concentrations, and the results showed that the model proposed by Mamunya, which takes into account the filler aspect ratio and the surface energy of the filler and polymer, most closely matched the conductivity data.
Abstract: The electrical conductivity of polymeric materials can be increased by the addition of carbon fillers, such as carbon fibers and graphite. The resulting composites could be used in applications such as interference shielding and electrostatic dissipation. Electrical conductivity models are often proposed to predict the conductivity behavior of these materials in order to achieve more efficient material design that could reduce costly experimental work. The electrical conductivity of carbon-filled polymers was studied by adding four single fillers to nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate in increasing concentrations. The fillers used in this project include chopped and milled forms of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) carbon fiber, ThermocarbTM Specialty Graphite, and Ni-coated PAN carbon fiber. Material was extruded and injection-molded into test specimens, and then the electrical conductivity was measured. Data analysis included a comparison of the results to existing conductivity models. The results show that the model proposed by Mamunya, which takes into account the filler aspect ratio and the surface energy of the filler and polymer, most closely matched the conductivity data. This information will then be used in the development of improved conductivity models. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1341–1356, 2002

171 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dielectric and conductive properties of polypropylene (PP)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) nanocomposites were examined.

168 citations


"Solution-blended polyethersulfone–g..." refers result in this paper

  • ...The variation in AC conductance with the addition of conducting filler is similar to that of what has been published for PP-MWCNT binary composites.(22) In order to evaluate C, impedance measurements have been carried out on those samples and the results are discussed below....

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