Solution Properties of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

doi:10.1080/10601326808051910

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Solution Properties of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

Journal Article•DOI•

Solution Properties of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

M. Heskins¹, J. E. Guillet¹•Institutions (1)

University of Toronto¹

01 Dec 1968-Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A (Taylor & Francis Group)-Vol. 2, Iss: 8, pp 1441-1455

TL;DR: In this paper, a lower critical solution temperature of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide was found to be due to an entropy effect, which was attributed to the formation of nonpolar and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

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Abstract: Aqueous solutions of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) show a lower critical solution temperature. The thermodynamic properties of the system have been evaluated from the phase diagram and the heat absorbed during phase separation and the phenomenon is ascribed to be primarily due to an entropy effect. From viscosity, sedimentation, and light-scattering studies of solutions close to conditions of phase separation, it appears that aggregation due to formation of nonpolar and intermolecular hydrogen bonds is important. In addition, a weakening of the ordering effect of the water-amide hydrogen bonds as the temperature is raised contributes to the stability of the two-phase system.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): experiment, theory and application

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Howard G. Schild¹•Institutions (1)

Polaroid Corporation¹

01 Jan 1992-Progress in Polymer Science

4,701 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Hydrogels for tissue engineering.

[...]

Kuen Yong Lee¹, David J. Mooney¹•Institutions (1)

University of Michigan¹

31 May 2001-Chemical Reviews

4,511 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

A review of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug and gene delivery

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Srinivas Ganta¹, Harikrishna Devalapally¹, Aliasgar Shahiwala¹, Mansoor M. Amiji¹•Institutions (1)

Northeastern University¹

20 Mar 2008-Journal of Controlled Release

TL;DR: There is a highly promising role of stimuli-responsive nanocarrier systems for drug and gene delivery in the future with greater understanding of the difference between normal and pathological tissues and cells.

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1,993 citations

Cites background from "Solution Properties of Poly(N-isopr..."

...In addition, LCSTof NIPAAm can be easily modified to get above 37 °C using copolymers with varying hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity....
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...For example, highly hydrated polymer chains attached to the liposomes stabilize the liposomes below the LCST, but above the LCST, the dehydrated polymer chains cause destabilization of the liposomes, resulting in release of its contents [154]....
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...5) is a thermosensitive polymer that exhibits a low critical solution temperature (LCST) of 32 °C, below which the polymer is soluble but precipitates if the temperature is raised above the LCST [116]....
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...In another study, amphiphilic NIPAAm-grafted-polyphosphazene (NIPAAm-g-PPP) was synthesized by stepwise cosubstitution of chlorine atoms on polymer backbones with aminoterminated NIPAAm oligomers and ethyl glycinate (GlyEt), the LCSTwas found to be 30 °C in water....
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...NIPAAm is known to exhibit phase-transition temperature at 32 °C termed as LCST [137]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Polymerized colloidal crystal hydrogel films as intelligent chemical sensing materials

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John H. Holtz¹, Sanford A. Asher¹•Institutions (1)

University of Pittsburgh¹

23 Oct 1997-Nature

TL;DR: The preparation of a material that changes colour in response to a chemical signal by means of a change in diffraction (rather than absorption) properties is reported, anticipating that this strategy can be used to prepare ‘intelligent’ materials responsive to a wide range of analytes, including viruses.

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Abstract: Chemical sensors respond to the presence of a specific analyte in a variety of ways. One of the most convenient is a change in optical properties, and in particular a visually perceptible colour change. Here we report the preparation of a material that changes colour in response to a chemical signal by means of a change in diffraction (rather than absorption) properties. Our material is a crystalline colloidal array of polymer spheres (roughly 100 nm diameter) polymerized within a hydrogel that swells and shrinks reversibly in the presence of certain analytes (here metal ions and glucose). The crystalline colloidal array diffracts light at (visible) wavelengths determined by the lattice spacing, which gives rise to an intense colour. The hydrogel contains either a molecular-recognition group that binds the analyte selectively (crown ethers for metal ions), or a molecular-recognition agent that reacts with the analyte selectively. These recognition events cause the gel to swell owing to an increased osmotic pressure, which increases the mean separation between the colloidal spheres and so shifts the Bragg peak of the diffracted light to longer wavelengths. We anticipate that this strategy can be used to prepare 'intelligent' materials responsive to a wide range of analytes, including viruses.

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1,861 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Temperature-sensitive aqueous microgels.

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Robert Pelton¹•Institutions (1)

McMaster University¹

01 Feb 2000-Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

TL;DR: Although most of the work involves gels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), other polymers are also considered and core-shell latex particles exhibiting temperature-sensitive properties are also described.

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1,714 citations

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References

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Book•

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Journal Article•DOI•

Mouvement Brownien d'un ellipsoide (II). Rotation libre et dépolarisation des fluorescences. Translation et diffusion de molécules ellipsoidales

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TL;DR: In this article, the diffusion of molecules ellipsoidales dissoutes is analyzed in a mouvement brownien d'ensemble (rotation and translation) with respect to a set of molecules.

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Abstract: Etude analytique du mouvement brownien de rotation d'un ellipsoide a partir d'une equation etablie anterieurement (1). Application au calcul de la depolarisation, resultant des rotations des molecules excitees pour une fluorescence emise par des molecules ellipsoidales en solution. Equation aux derivees partielles du mouvement brownien d'ensemble (rotation et translation) d'un ellipsoide. Etude de la diffusion de molecules ellipsoidales dissoutes : anisotropie locale resultant de la diffusion; — existence, pour les faibles gradients de concentration, d'un coefficient de diffusion limite. Formules et graphique donnant les valeurs de ce coefficient de diffusion pour les ellipsoides de revolution.

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Journal Article•DOI•

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Journal Article•DOI•

The thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and dioxane

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