Solvent engineering for high-quality perovskite solar cell with an efficiency approaching 20%
TL;DR: In this paper, a ternary-mixed-solvent method for the growth of high-quality [Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.95Pb(I0.83)0.3] cation-anion-mixed perovskite films by introducing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) into the precursor mixed solution was developed.
About: This article is published in Journal of Power Sources.The article was published on 2017-10-15. It has received 58 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Perovskite solar cell & Perovskite (structure).
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review focusing on various perovskite formation and crystallization routes with respect to processing parameters including the precursor solvent, solvent mixture, temperature, time, formation of solvent led intermediate complex species, doping and humidity are discussed.
Abstract: An organic–inorganic perovskite is comprised of an organic cation (CH3NH3+, FAI, or Cs), a metal cation (Pb2+ or Sn2+) and a halide (I−, Cl−, or Br−) molecule. Precursor salts containing these cations, molecules and halide ions dissolved in solvents are used to prepare perovskite films. Perovskite film formation takes place through the reaction of precursor elements, which is assisted by various processing conditions such as thermal annealing, moisture and solvent treatment. This review focuses on various perovskite formation and crystallization routes with respect to processing parameters including the precursor solvent, solvent mixture, temperature, time, formation of solvent led-intermediate complex species, doping and humidity. Adding water as the dopant to the precursor solvent and exposure to moisture from atmospheric humidity to improve perovskite film quality are also discussed. Processing conditions and crystallization processes are described in correlation with the perovskite film morphology, crystallinity, defects, charge transport and device performance. This article will aim to highlighting recent findings in the selection of solvents in the crystallization of perovskite films, solvent induced intermediate phases, and effects of water in assisting perovskite crystallization for improved film quality and device performance. The review will also present various structural and nanoscale characterization techniques that have been used to probe solvent based intermediate species transformation processes to the perovskite phase and understand the effects in correlation with device performance.
180 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors comprehensively review the recent progress of flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) and highlight the major breakthroughs of FPSCs made in 2019/2020 for both laboratory and large-scale devices.
140 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors exploit a vast number of defect engineering approaches aiming to increase the performance and the stability of perovskite solar cells, especially against humidity, continuous illumination, and heat.
Abstract: The surface, interfaces and grain boundaries of a halide perovskite film carry critical tasks in achieving as well as maintaining high solar cell performance due to the inherently defective nature across their regime. Passivating materials and felicitous process engineering approaches have significant ramifications in the resultant perovskite film, and the solar cell's overall macroscale properties as they dictate structural and optoelectronic properties. Herein, we exploit a vast number of defect engineering approaches aiming to increase the performance and the stability of perovskite solar cells, especially against humidity, continuous illumination, and heat. This review begins with the perovskite materials' fundamental structural properties followed by the advances made to induce higher stabilization in perovskite solar cells by fine-tuning materials chemistry design parameters. We continue by summarizing defect passivation strategies based on molecular entities' application, including suitable functional groups that enable sufficient surface, bulk and grain boundary passivation, morphology, and crystallinity control. We also present methods to control the density of defects through the variation of processing conditions, solvent annealing and solvent engineering approaches, gas-assisted deposition methods, and use of self-assembled monolayers, as well as colloidal engineering and coordination surface chemistry. Finally, we give our perspective on how a combined understanding of materials chemistry aspects and passivation mechanisms will further develop high-efficiency and stability perovskite solar cells.
115 citations
TL;DR: In this article, rare-earth doped upconversion nanoparticles with core-shell structure are synthesized for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells, which can be used as spectral conversion materials.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a pyridine additive in the precursor mixed solution was introduced to improve the quality of perovskite layer, which achieved a power conversion efficiency of 1903% while the device without adding reached an efficiency of 1694% at the same experiment conditions.
56 citations
References
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TL;DR: Two studies show, using a variety of time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopic techniques, that perovskite materials manifest relatively long diffusion paths for charge carriers energized by light absorption, highlighting effective carrier diffusion as a fruitful parameter for further optimization.
Abstract: Low-temperature solution-processed photovoltaics suffer from low efficiencies because of poor exciton or electron-hole diffusion lengths (typically about 10 nanometers). Recent reports of highly efficient CH3NH3PbI3-based solar cells in a broad range of configurations raise a compelling case for understanding the fundamental photophysical mechanisms in these materials. By applying femtosecond transient optical spectroscopy to bilayers that interface this perovskite with either selective-electron or selective-hole extraction materials, we have uncovered concrete evidence of balanced long-range electron-hole diffusion lengths of at least 100 nanometers in solution-processed CH3NH3PbI3. The high photoconversion efficiencies of these systems stem from the comparable optical absorption length and charge-carrier diffusion lengths, transcending the traditional constraints of solution-processed semiconductors.
5,882 citations
TL;DR: A bilayer architecture comprising the key features of mesoscopic and planar structures obtained by a fully solution-based process is reported, providing important progress towards the understanding of the role of solution-processing in the realization of low-cost and highly efficient perovskite solar cells.
Abstract: The performance of solar cells based on organic–inorganic perovskites strongly depends on the device architecture and processing conditions. It is now shown that solvent engineering enables the deposition of very dense perovskite layers on mesoporous titania, leading to photovoltaic devices with a high light-conversion efficiency and no hysteresis.
5,684 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review describes the rapid progress that has been made in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells and their applications in the photovoltaic sector.
Abstract: Within the space of a few years, hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells have emerged as one of the most exciting material platforms in the photovoltaic sector. This review describes the rapid progress that has been made in this area.
5,463 citations
TL;DR: An approach for depositing high-quality FAPbI3 films, involving FAP bI3 crystallization by the direct intramolecular exchange of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) molecules intercalated in PbI2 with formamidinium iodide is reported.
Abstract: The band gap of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskites allows broader absorption of the solar spectrum relative to conventional methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). Because the optoelectronic properties of perovskite films are closely related to film quality, deposition of dense and uniform films is crucial for fabricating high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We report an approach for depositing high-quality FAPbI3 films, involving FAPbI3 crystallization by the direct intramolecular exchange of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) molecules intercalated in PbI2 with formamidinium iodide. This process produces FAPbI3 films with (111)-preferred crystallographic orientation, large-grained dense microstructures, and flat surfaces without residual PbI2. Using films prepared by this technique, we fabricated FAPbI3-based PSCs with maximum power conversion efficiency greater than 20%.
5,458 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the triple cation perovskite photovoltaics with inorganic cesium were shown to be thermally more stable, contain less phase impurities and are less sensitive to processing conditions.
Abstract: Today's best perovskite solar cells use a mixture of formamidinium and methylammonium as the monovalent cations. With the addition of inorganic cesium, the resulting triple cation perovskite compositions are thermally more stable, contain less phase impurities and are less sensitive to processing conditions. This enables more reproducible device performances to reach a stabilized power output of 21.1% and ∼18% after 250 hours under operational conditions. These properties are key for the industrialization of perovskite photovoltaics.
3,470 citations