Somatic Symptom Reporting in Women and Men
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...It can also be attributed to a different socialization processes for men and women that influence bodily experience and the willingness to communicate distress.(110) Hormone variations,(111) neurotransmitters that can influence patient perception of pain, and pharmacokinetic variations may also occur....
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"Somatic Symptom Reporting in Women ..." refers background in this paper
...Thus, Pennebaker(66) found that female college students recalled more somatic symptoms in the past month and past year than male students, but there were no differences when respondents were asked about current symptoms.(66) This sort of recall bias is also suggested by a study of chronic pain patients who kept daily ratings of pain intensity and also provided a weeklong summary rating of pain at the end of the week....
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...He points out that under controlled laboratory conditions, men seem to be more accurate perceivers of heart rate, stomach contractions,(73) systolic blood pressure,(74) blood glucose level,(75) and finger temperature.(66) However, in naturalistic studies conducted during daily life, no sex differences are evident in the accuracy of estimates of blood pressure, blood glucose, heart rhythm, and heart rate....
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"Somatic Symptom Reporting in Women ..." refers background in this paper
...In laboratory studies of pain, the sex of the experimenter may influence the subjects' pain response: Men may report less pain to a female than to a male experimenter,(140) though this effect is not found consistently.(2) Additionally, since positive findings are more likely to find their way into the literature than negative findings, gender differences are more likely to be emphasized and published than the absence of such differences....
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...Additionally, since positive findings are more likely to find their way into the literature than negative findings, gender differences are more likely to be emphasized and published than the absence of such differences.(2) Gender bias in clinical practice may also contribute to reported differences in symptoms....
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