Journal ArticleDOI
Some factors that affect the deposition rates of sulfur dioxide and similar gases on vegetation
M.L. Wesely,B.B. Hicks +1 more
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In this article, the aerodynamic resistance to vertical transfer in the surface boundary layer can be formulated in terms of the friction velocity, height of observation, vertical heat flux, and surface roughness.Abstract:
The deposition of sulfur dioxide on growing vegetation is affected by diverse environmental factors, many of which undergo large diurnal and spatial variations. The aerodynamic resistance to vertical transfer in the surface boundary layer can be formulated in terms of the friction velocity, height of observation, vertical heat flux, and surface roughness. Also important are the resistance in the air layer closest to the surface elements and, in dry vegetation, the average stomatal resistance of the plants. The latter variable is among the most difficult to estimate, but over many agricultural field crops like those in the midwestern U.S., a typical minimum value of average stomatal resistance to SO2 transfer is about 0.7 s cm-1, as is indicated by various experimental data. The deposition velocity can be estimated as the inverse of the sum of the resistances of the layers, necessarily down to where the concentrations are zero; in the surface boundary layer, any of the various resistances might be dominant...read more
Citations
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Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method for estimating the dry deposition velocities of atmospheric gases in the U.S. and surrounding areas and incorporated it into a revised computer code module for use in numerical models of atmospheric transport and deposition of pollutants over regional scales.
Journal ArticleDOI
Technical note: The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 6.2
TL;DR: The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART was originally designed for calculating the long-range and mesoscale dispersion of air pollutants from point sources, such as after an accident in a nuclear power plant.
Journal ArticleDOI
A three-dimensional Eulerian acid deposition model: Physical concepts and formulation
Julius S. Chang,Richard A. Brost,I. S. A. Isaksen,Sasha Madronich,Paulette Middleton,William R. Stockwell,Chris J. Walcek +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a three-dimensional Eulerian regional acid deposition model is developed to calculate episodic chemical concentrations and dry and wet deposition of acids in North America using temporally and spatially varying meteorology.
Book
Fundamentals of atmospheric modeling
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose numerical solutions to partial differential equations and finite-differencing the equations of atmospheric dynamics, including boundary-layer and surface processes, and Radiative energy transfer.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the current status of knowledge on dry deposition
Marvin L. Wesely,B.B. Hicks +1 more
TL;DR: The role of rapid in-air chemical reactions involving NO, NO2, and O3 is difficult to quantify comprehensively, and the effects of water from rain or dew on uptake of gases can be highly variable as discussed by the authors.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Flux‐gradient relationships in the constant flux layer
A. J. Dyer,B. B. Hicks +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of the Monin-Obukhov function ΦM in the familiar wind profile equation was made using data from two recent expeditions to Gurley (New South Wales) and Hay (New Australia).
Journal ArticleDOI
Profile relationships: The log-linear range, and extension to strong stability
TL;DR: In this paper, the diabatic mean profile forms in the surface layer is studied, by applying analysis methods having high resolving power to data from O'Neill, U.S.A. and from Kerang and Hay, Australia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Momentum, mass and heat exchange of vegetation
TL;DR: In this paper, a general expression for B−1 in terms of the exchange characteristics of the individual elements of a vegetative canopy is derived, which does not contain the surface roughness parameter Z0.
Journal ArticleDOI
Momentum, heat and water vapour transfer to and from natural and artificial surfaces
J. R. Garratt,B. B. Hicks +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the relationship between aerodynamically smooth and fully rough flow appears to be a single valued function of u*zo/v, closely approximated by the assumption of a molecular sub-layer for heat and water vapour fluxes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heat transfer across rough surfaces
P. R. Owen,W. R. Thomson +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, it is argued that the heat transfer between a roughened surface and a stream of incompressible fluid flowing over it is dependent on both the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the fluid even when the roughness is large enough to have ceased to affect the skin friction.