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Journal ArticleDOI

Some Principles of Information Storage and Retrieval in Society

01 Jan 1978-Communications-Vol. 4, Iss: 1
TL;DR: I like to consider search procedures as those processes that are employed to locate relevant information in time, in space, and in kind, often against apparently insurmountable odds.
Abstract: Particularly because of the great amount of information that a social memory can contain, relevant information is quite often difficult to find and these difficulties become even larger when the needed information is dispersed widely in time and in space or when special barriers are erected to protect such information from being discoverd. I like to consider search procedures as those processes that are employed to locate relevant information in time, in space, and in kind, often against apparently insurmountable odds. Research and development problems provide the most prototypical examples of situations in which efficient search procedures are decisive in bridging an existing information gap. In order to incorporate into a design as much information as possible, it is quite common that a very large number of reports may have to be read, most being irrelevant in fact. Finding a solution then depends not so much on the retrieval of information rather on the efficiency of the search procedure available. Because research reports tend to be somewhat more standardized (at least clearly distinct and written in the same medium) computers have already provided useful selection aids for literature references. Another problem of search is criminal detection. This may involve identifying one out of thousands of widely dispersed and highly mobile suspects. Among the many clues that may become available during an investigation, most are likely to be unproductive and the successful conclusion of a case presumably depends on following the right clues early enough and without being sidetracked. Related to such situations is the problem which many intelligence departments face when trying to obtain information that someone else deliberately hides or encodes into an unrecognizable cipher. Less extreme though socially probably more

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University of Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania
ScholarlyCommons ScholarlyCommons
Departmental Papers (ASC) Annenberg School for Communication
5-1992
Some Principles of Information Storage and Retrieval in Society Some Principles of Information Storage and Retrieval in Society
Klaus Krippendorff
University of Pennsylvania
, kkrippendorff@asc.upenn.edu
Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers
Part of the Communication Commons
Recommended Citation Recommended Citation
Krippendorff, K. (1992). Some Principles of Information Storage and Retrieval in Society.
General Systems,
20
15-35. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/229
This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/229
For more information, please contact repository@pobox.upenn.edu.

Some Principles of Information Storage and Retrieval in Society Some Principles of Information Storage and Retrieval in Society
Disciplines Disciplines
Communication | Social and Behavioral Sciences
This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/229




Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review existing research on the developmental origins and decision consequences of both the content and structure of knowledge structures at multiple levels of analysis and identify a host of research challenges to help develop a better understanding of knowledge structure representation, development, and use in organizations.
Abstract: The study of cognition in organizations has burgeoned in recent years. Top-down information processing theory suggests that individuals create knowledge structures to help them process information and make decisions. While the benefits of employing such knowledge structures are widely noted, there is a growing concern that they can limit decision makers' abilities to understand their information environments and thus, compromise their decision making. This issue has captured the imagination of managerial and organizational cognition researchers. To date, their inquiry has been eclectic in focus and method. To order and advance this work, the author reviews extant research on the developmental origins and decision consequences of both the content and structure of knowledge structures at multiple levels of analysis. A host of research challenges are identified to help develop a better understanding of knowledge structure representation, development, and use in organizations.

2,096 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An initial contingency framework for OMIS development depending on the organization's environment and its life-cycle stage is proposed, and the relationships between an OMIS and organizational learning and decision making are discussed.
Abstract: Preservation of organizational memory becomes increasingly important to organizations as it is recognized that experiential knowledge is a key to competitiveness. With the development and widespread availability of advanced information technologies IT, information systems become a vital part of this memory. We analyze existing conceptualizations and task-specific instances of IT-supported organizational memory. We then develop a model for an organizational memory information system OMIS that is rooted in the construct of organizational effectiveness. The framework offers four subsystems that support activities leading to organizational effectiveness. These subsystems rest on the foundation of five mnemonic functions that provide for acquisition, retention, maintenance, search, and retrieval of information. We then identify the factors that will limit the success of OMIS implementation, although full treatment of this issue is outside the scope of the paper. To initiate a research agenda on OMIS, we propose an initial contingency framework for OMIS development depending on the organization's environment and its life-cycle stage, and discuss the relationships between an OMIS and organizational learning and decision making.

890 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The notion of organizational memory has been discussed for over a quarter of a century as discussed by the authors and organizational memory can be classified into four categories: knowledge acquisition, retention, maintenance and retrieval.

388 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Virtual communities of practice are suggested as a strategy for internationally‐operating corporations that cannot develop regular face‐to‐face contact between employees, but still need some degree of personification for efficient knowledge transfers.
Abstract: Purpose – Proposes that multinational companies (MNCs) establish virtual communities of practice, i.e. intranet‐based collaborative forums, and thereby benefit from a combination of codification and personification strategies in order to solve knowledge retrieval problems for the knowledge worker.Design/methodology/approach – Based on an overview of the problems related to retrieval (i.e. individual decoding and interpretation of knowledge), a literature review on individual memory, databases, social capital and virtual communities of practice reveals a knowledge retrieval means matrix, paying respect to retrieval processes.Findings – Virtual communities of practice are suggested as a strategy for internationally‐operating corporations that cannot develop regular face‐to‐face contact between employees, but still need some degree of personification for efficient knowledge transfers.Research limitations/implications – Being a conceptual paper, quantitative/qualitative integration will enrich the debate furt...

219 citations


Cites methods from "Some Principles of Information Stor..."

  • ...According to Krippendorff (1975), retrieval consists of search and decoding processes....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Brown and Levinson as discussed by the authors pointed out that their theory of politeness presupposes Grice's theory of conversational implicature and the framework of maxims that give rise to such implicatures.
Abstract: Brown & Levinson opened their 1987 commentary on their theory of politeness by reemphasizing not only that their framework presumed “that Grice’s theory of conversational implicature and the framework of maxims that give rise to such implicatures is essentially correct” (p. 3), but also that their theory presupposed “the other great contribution by Grice, namely his account of the nature of communication as a special kind of intention designed to be recognized by the recipient” (p. 7; cf. Levinson 1983: 16-18; 1995: 227-232). Brown & Levinson also closed their 1987 commentary with a projection for future development of their theory:

214 citations


Cites background from "Some Principles of Information Stor..."

  • ...Krippendorff (1975) has shown clearly how such inter-action within a network across time and space creates a structural form of social memory, independent of the memories of individuals....

    [...]

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review existing research on the developmental origins and decision consequences of both the content and structure of knowledge structures at multiple levels of analysis and identify a host of research challenges to help develop a better understanding of knowledge structure representation, development, and use in organizations.
Abstract: The study of cognition in organizations has burgeoned in recent years. Top-down information processing theory suggests that individuals create knowledge structures to help them process information and make decisions. While the benefits of employing such knowledge structures are widely noted, there is a growing concern that they can limit decision makers' abilities to understand their information environments and thus, compromise their decision making. This issue has captured the imagination of managerial and organizational cognition researchers. To date, their inquiry has been eclectic in focus and method. To order and advance this work, the author reviews extant research on the developmental origins and decision consequences of both the content and structure of knowledge structures at multiple levels of analysis. A host of research challenges are identified to help develop a better understanding of knowledge structure representation, development, and use in organizations.

2,096 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An initial contingency framework for OMIS development depending on the organization's environment and its life-cycle stage is proposed, and the relationships between an OMIS and organizational learning and decision making are discussed.
Abstract: Preservation of organizational memory becomes increasingly important to organizations as it is recognized that experiential knowledge is a key to competitiveness. With the development and widespread availability of advanced information technologies IT, information systems become a vital part of this memory. We analyze existing conceptualizations and task-specific instances of IT-supported organizational memory. We then develop a model for an organizational memory information system OMIS that is rooted in the construct of organizational effectiveness. The framework offers four subsystems that support activities leading to organizational effectiveness. These subsystems rest on the foundation of five mnemonic functions that provide for acquisition, retention, maintenance, search, and retrieval of information. We then identify the factors that will limit the success of OMIS implementation, although full treatment of this issue is outside the scope of the paper. To initiate a research agenda on OMIS, we propose an initial contingency framework for OMIS development depending on the organization's environment and its life-cycle stage, and discuss the relationships between an OMIS and organizational learning and decision making.

890 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The notion of organizational memory has been discussed for over a quarter of a century as discussed by the authors and organizational memory can be classified into four categories: knowledge acquisition, retention, maintenance and retrieval.

388 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Virtual communities of practice are suggested as a strategy for internationally‐operating corporations that cannot develop regular face‐to‐face contact between employees, but still need some degree of personification for efficient knowledge transfers.
Abstract: Purpose – Proposes that multinational companies (MNCs) establish virtual communities of practice, i.e. intranet‐based collaborative forums, and thereby benefit from a combination of codification and personification strategies in order to solve knowledge retrieval problems for the knowledge worker.Design/methodology/approach – Based on an overview of the problems related to retrieval (i.e. individual decoding and interpretation of knowledge), a literature review on individual memory, databases, social capital and virtual communities of practice reveals a knowledge retrieval means matrix, paying respect to retrieval processes.Findings – Virtual communities of practice are suggested as a strategy for internationally‐operating corporations that cannot develop regular face‐to‐face contact between employees, but still need some degree of personification for efficient knowledge transfers.Research limitations/implications – Being a conceptual paper, quantitative/qualitative integration will enrich the debate furt...

219 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Brown and Levinson as discussed by the authors pointed out that their theory of politeness presupposes Grice's theory of conversational implicature and the framework of maxims that give rise to such implicatures.
Abstract: Brown & Levinson opened their 1987 commentary on their theory of politeness by reemphasizing not only that their framework presumed “that Grice’s theory of conversational implicature and the framework of maxims that give rise to such implicatures is essentially correct” (p. 3), but also that their theory presupposed “the other great contribution by Grice, namely his account of the nature of communication as a special kind of intention designed to be recognized by the recipient” (p. 7; cf. Levinson 1983: 16-18; 1995: 227-232). Brown & Levinson also closed their 1987 commentary with a projection for future development of their theory:

214 citations