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Journal ArticleDOI

Space-time and integral measures of individual accessibility: a comparative analysis using a point-based framework

03 Sep 2010-Geographical Analysis (Blackwell Publishing Ltd)-Vol. 30, Iss: 3, pp 191-216
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare the relationship and spatial patterns of these thirty accessibility measures using network-based GIS procedures and conclude that space-time and integral indices are distinctive types of accessibility measures which reflect different dimensions of the accessibility experience of individuals.
Abstract: Conventional integral measures of accessibility, although valuable as indicators of place accessibility, have several limitations when used to evaluate individual accessibility. Two alternatives for overcoming some of the difficulties involved are explored in this study. One is to adapt these measures for evaluating individual accessibility using a disaggregate, nonzonal approach. The other is to develop different types of measures based on an alternative conceptual framework. To pursue the former alternative, this study specifies and examines eighteen gravity-type and cumulative-opportunity accessibility measures using a point-based spatial framework. For the latter option, twelve space-time accessibility measures are developed based on the construct of a prism-constrained feasible opportunity set. This paper compares the relationships and spatial patterns of these thirty measures using network-based GIS procedures. Travel diary data collected in Columbus, Ohio, and a digital data set of 10,727 selected land parcels are used for all computation. Results of this study indicate that space-time and integral indices are distinctive types of accessibility measures which reflect different dimensions of the accessibility experience of individuals. Since space-time measures are more capable of capturing interpersonal differences, especially the effect of space-time constraints, they are more “gender sensitive” and helpful for unraveling gender/ethnic differences in accessibility. An important methodological implication is that whether accessibility is observed to be important or different between individuals depends heavily on whether the measure used is capable of revealing the kind of differences the analyst intends to observe.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of accessibility measures for assessing the usability of these measures in evaluations of land-use and transport strategies and developments is presented in this paper, using a broad range of relevant criteria, including theoretical basis, interpretability and communicability, and data requirements of the measures.

2,185 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Basic concepts and measurements of access are explained, some historical background is provided, the major questions concerning geographic accessibility of primary care are outlined, recent developments in GIS and spatial analysis are described, and examples of promising work are presented.
Abstract: Primary care is recognized as the most important form of healthcare for maintaining population health because it is relatively inexpensive, can be more easily delivered than specialty and inpatient care, and if properly distributed it is most effective in preventing disease progression on a large scale. Recent advances in the field of health geography have greatly improved our understanding of the role played by geographic distribution of health services in population health maintenance. However, most of this knowledge has accrued for hospital and specialty services and services in rural areas. Much less is known about the effect of distance to and supply of primary care on primary care utilization, particularly in the U.S.

1,155 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An enhancement of the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method for measuring spatial accessibility, addressing the problem of uniform access within the catchment by applying weights to different travel time zones to account for distance decay is presented.

729 citations


Cites methods from "Space-time and integral measures of..."

  • ...In order to differentiate accessibility within a catchment, multiple travel time zones within each catchment are obtained using the ArcGIS Network Analyst and assigned with different weights according to the Gaussian function (Kwan, 1998; Wang, 2007)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper explored the possibilities for critical engagement through revisiting some of the central arguments in the critical discourse from feminist perspectives, and examined whether GIS methods are inherently incompatible with feminist epistemologies through interrogating their connection with positivist scientific practices and visualization technologies.
Abstract: Despite considerable progress in recent geographic information systems (GIS) research (especially on public-participation GIS), the critical discourse on GIS in the 1990s does not seem to have affected GIS practices in geographic research in significant ways. Development in critical GIS practice has been quite limited to date, and GIS and critical geographies remain two separate, if not overtly antagonistic, worlds. This suggests that critical engagement that seeks to conceive and materialize the critical potential of GIS for geographic research is still sorely needed. In this article, I explore the possibilities for this kind of critical engagement through revisiting some of the central arguments in the critical discourse from feminist perspectives. I examine whether GIS methods are inherently incompatible with feminist epistemologies through interrogating their connection with positivist scientific practices and visualization technologies. Bearing in mind the limitations of current GIS, I explore severa...

559 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
21 Feb 2012-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: Modern population count data were combined with detailed satellite-derived settlement extents to map population distributions across Africa at a finer spatial resolution than ever before, highlighting large inequities in access, the isolation of many rural populations and the challenges that exist between countries and regions in providing access to services.
Abstract: The spatial distribution of populations and settlements across a country and their interconnectivity and accessibility from urban areas are important for delivering healthcare, distributing resources and economic development. However, existing spatially explicit population data across Africa are generally based on outdated, low resolution input demographic data, and provide insufficient detail to quantify rural settlement patterns and, thus, accurately measure population concentration and accessibility. Here we outline approaches to developing a new high resolution population distribution dataset for Africa and analyse rural accessibility to population centers. Contemporary population count data were combined with detailed satellite-derived settlement extents to map population distributions across Africa at a finer spatial resolution than ever before. Substantial heterogeneity in settlement patterns, population concentration and spatial accessibility to major population centres is exhibited across the continent. In Africa, 90% of the population is concentrated in less than 21% of the land surface and the average per-person travel time to settlements of more than 50,000 inhabitants is around 3.5 hours, with Central and East Africa displaying the longest average travel times. The analyses highlight large inequities in access, the isolation of many rural populations and the challenges that exist between countries and regions in providing access to services. The datasets presented are freely available as part of the AfriPop project, providing an evidence base for guiding strategic decisions.

535 citations


Cites background from "Space-time and integral measures of..."

  • ...Traditionally, accessibility measures are either aggregated nationally or by administrative unit [4] or point-based using individual-level data [27]....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1970

3,730 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an empirical analysis of the residential development patterns illustrates that accessibility and the availability of vacant developable land can be used as the basis of a residential land use model.
Abstract: An empirical examination of the residential development patterns illustrates that accessibility and the availability of vacant developable land can be used as the basis of a residential land use model. The author presents an operational definition and suggests a method for determining accessibility patterns within metropolitan areas. This is a process of distributing forecasted metropolitan population to small areas within the metropolitan region. Although the model presented is not yet sufficiently well refined for estimating purposes, the concept and the approach may be potentially useful tools for metropolitan planning purposes.

2,954 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a framework for the development of accessibility measures and two case studies suggestive of the range of possible approaches are presented, as well as issues that planners must address in developing an accessibility measure.
Abstract: Accessibility is an important characteristic of metropolitan areas and is often reflected in transportation and land-use planning goals. But the concept of accessibility has rarely been translated into performance measures by which policies are evaluated, despite a substantial literature on the concept. This paper is an attempt to bridge the gap between the academic literature and the practical application of such measures and provide a framework for the development of accessibility measures. Issues that planners must address in developing an accessibility measure are outlined, and two case studies suggestive of the range of possible approaches are presented.

1,437 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Market as a Factor in the Localization of Industry in the United States is discussed in this paper, where the authors present a survey of the market as a factor in the localization of industry.
Abstract: (1954). The, Market as a Factor in the Localization of Industry in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 315-348.

1,197 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The conceptual properties of a trading area are defined and testable propositions are currently available to validate its properties and thus give precision to the definition.
Abstract: What are the conceptual properties of a trading area?What is the definition of the term?What testable propositions are currently available to validate its properties and thus give precision to the ...

1,134 citations