Spatial Analysis of the Air Pollutant Index in the Southern Region of Peninsular Malaysia Using Environmetric Techniques
Summary (1 min read)
Summary
- Air pollution is becoming a major environmental issue in the southern region of Peninsular Malaysia.
- Environmetric techniques (HACA, DA, and PCA/FA) were used to evaluate the spatial variations in the southern region of Peninsular Malaysia, followed by API prediction comparison using ANN and MLR models.
- The datasets of air pollutant parameters for 3 years (2005–2007) were applied in this study.
- HACA clustered three different groups of similarity based on the characteristics of air quality parameters.
- DA shows all seven parameters (CO, O3, PM10, SO2, NOx, NO, and NO2) gave the most significant variables after stepwise backward mode.
- PCA/FA identify that the major source of air pollution is due to combustion of fossil fuels in motor vehicles and industrial activities.
- The ANN model shows a better prediction compared to the MLR model with R2 values equal to 0.819 and 0.773 respectively.
- This study concluded that the environmetric techniques and modelling become an excellent tool in API assessment, air pollution source identification, apportionment, and interpretation of complex dataset with a view to get better information about the air quality, and can be setbacks in designing an API monitoring network for effective air pollution resources management.
- Air pollutant index; HACA; DA; PCA/FA; ANN; MLR, also known as Keyword.
Did you find this useful? Give us your feedback
Citations
67 citations
Cites background or methods from "Spatial Analysis of the Air Polluta..."
...…et al. 2014a) - CH4, NmHC, T HC, O3 and PM10 are the most significant 2005–2011 - PCA-ANN showed predictive ability with limited parameters 2014 (Azid et al. 2014b) - Artificial neural network provided better API prediction than multiple linear regression 2005–2007 2014 (Ahamad et al. 2014) -…...
[...]
...There has been some work in air quality prediction in Malaysia (Azid et al. 2014a; Azid et al. 2013), but it can be extended, and the accuracy can be improved upon as it has globally (Cabaneros et al. 2019; Ma et al. 2019)....
[...]
...…contribute to diurnal variations of major air pollutants Table 5 (continued) Year Key result(s) and recommendation(s) Dataset DOE data 2014 (Azid et al. 2014a) - CH4, NmHC, T HC, O3 and PM10 are the most significant 2005–2011 - PCA-ANN showed predictive ability with limited…...
[...]
54 citations
32 citations
Cites background or methods from "Spatial Analysis of the Air Polluta..."
...Most of the pollutants in the MPS region are originated from burning of biomass and fossil fuels, particularly from industrial, residential and vegetation areas, motor vehicles, and natural emission sources (Mutalib et al., 2013; Azid et al., 2014b)....
[...]
...The index is important in evaluating the air quality of different sources (Azid et al., 2014a)....
[...]
...The status of air quality in Malaysia is monitored by the establishment of Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guideline (RMAQG) issued by the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE) since 1989 (Dominick et al., 2012; Mutalib et al., 2013; Azid et al., 2014a)....
[...]
...…0.75 (> 0.75) is considered as “strong”, the values range from 0.50–0.75 (0.50 ≥ factor loading ≥ 0.75) is considered as “moderate”, and the values range from 0.30–0.49 (0.30 ≥ factor loading ≥ 0.49) is considered as “weak” factor loadings (Liu et al., 2003; Azid et al., 2014a; Azid et al., 2015)....
[...]
...Most of the air pollution sources derived from land transportation (mobile source), industrial emissions (stationary source), and open burning sources (Afroz et al., 2003; Azmi et al., 2010; Abdullah et al., 2012; Azid et al., 2013, 2014a, b)....
[...]
17 citations
13 citations
Cites background or methods from "Spatial Analysis of the Air Polluta..."
...…with others studies that concluded the chemometrics technique could be a simple and efficient alternative model to provide reliable estimation of API not only with limited information but with a large and complex database (Azid et al., 2013, 2014b; Mutalib et al., 2013; Amran et al., 2015)....
[...]
...The efficacy of these studies had supported the previous study by Azid et al. (2014b) for determining the identification and apportionment of pollution sources from a complex air quality database....
[...]
...…scopes including air quality, air pollution, water quality, water pollution, flood pattern, land use changes, sedimentation and erosion (Azid et al., 2014a, 2015a; Saudi et al., 2014a, 2015a, 2017; Kamaruddin et al., 2015; Isiyaka and Juahir, 2015; Ismail et al., 2016; Rwoo et al.,…...
[...]
...A study was conducted in Malaysia, which focused on the prediction of the air pollution level using PCA and ANN techniques (Table 2) (Azid et al., 2014a)....
[...]
...Azid et al. (2014b) proposed that the chemometric techniques and modelling is an excellent tool in API assessment as it has better predictive ability in determination of API with fewer sampling parameters and stations thus can be setbacks in designing a novelty air quality monitoring network…...
[...]
References
85 citations
"Spatial Analysis of the Air Polluta..." refers background in this paper
...869), which originated from burning of biomass and fossil fuels as well as from motor vehicles and natural emission sources (Mittal et al. 2007; Mutalib et al. 2013)....
[...]
60 citations
56 citations
50 citations
"Spatial Analysis of the Air Polluta..." refers background in this paper
...956), which resulted from the motor vehicles combustions, coal powered power plants and uncontrolled burning of forests, volcano activities and dust storm from neighbouring country due to various activities (Mutalib et al. 2013)....
[...]
...869), which originated from burning of biomass and fossil fuels as well as from motor vehicles and natural emission sources (Mittal et al. 2007; Mutalib et al. 2013)....
[...]
...Air pollution is becoming a major environmental issue in the southern region of Peninsular Malaysia due to the increasing number of transportations (mobile sources), trans-boundary pollution from neighbouring countries and the industrial activities (stationary sources), and they are the main sources of air pollution in Malaysia (Mutalib et al. 2013)....
[...]
27 citations