Speciation of Chromium in Soil and Sludge in the Surrounding Tannery Region, Ranipet, Tamil Nadu
28 Sep 2011-International Scholarly Research Notices (Hindawi Publishing Corporation)-Vol. 2011, pp 697980-697980
TL;DR: Results of this study can indicate the status of bioavailable of chromium in this area, using sequential extraction technique, and indicate that iron and manganese rich soil can hold chromium that will be bioavailable to plants and biota.
Abstract: The distribution and mobility of chromium in the soils and sludge surrounding a tannery waste dumping area was investigated to evaluate its vertical and lateral movement of operational speciation which was determined in six steps to fractionate the material in the soil and sludge into (i) water soluble, (ii) exchangeable, (iii) carbonate bound, (iv) reducible, (v) oxidizable, and (vi) residual phases. The present study shows that about 63.7% of total chromium is mobilisable, and 36.3% of total chromium is nonbioavailable in soil, whereas about 30.2% of total chromium is mobilisable, and 69.8% of total chromium is non-bioavailable in sludge. In contaminated sites the concentration of chromium was found to be higher in the reducible phase in soils (31.3%) and oxidisable phases in sludge (56.3%) which act as the scavenger of chromium in polluted soils. These results also indicate that iron and manganese rich soil can hold chromium that will be bioavailable to plants and biota. Thus, results of this study can indicate the status of bioavailable of chromium in this area, using sequential extraction technique. So a suitable and proper management of handling tannery sludge in the said area will be urgently needed to the surrounding environment as well as ecosystems.
Citations
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TL;DR: An assessment of various eco-friendly tanning attempts geared towards improving or replacing the chrome technology without compromising the quality of the produced leather is provided.
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TL;DR: Results showed that the application of biochar and acidified manure significantly changed soil pH, improved crop growth and as well as reduce the antioxidant response of maize in Cr contaminated soil.
Abstract: Chromium (Cr) contamination in farmlands has become a serious environmental concern due to the excessive use of industrial wastewater as an irrigation source. Therefore, some important measures nee...
45 citations
Cites background from "Speciation of Chromium in Soil and ..."
...The Cr (III) so formed as a capability to form soluble organic complexes, which are mobile in nature and show their presence as high organic bound Cr in this fraction (Mandal et al. 2011)....
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TL;DR: It was concluded that BC and PBC have great potential in removing CrVI from aqueous phases and in decreasing the Cr mobility and bioavailability in soil.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used tannery sludge to determine whether it could be used for the biofortification of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.).
Abstract: Purpose
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a medicinal plant with antidiabetic effects. Chromium has been related to better glucose tolerance in humans. The objective of this study was to determine whether tannery sludge could be used for Cr biofortification of fenugreek.
19 citations
Cites methods from "Speciation of Chromium in Soil and ..."
...A close association with Fe and Mn oxides of Cr from tannery waste was also reported by Mandal et al. (2011) using NH2OH·HCl to asses this fraction within a sequential extraction procedure....
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions was developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, binding to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to organic matter.
Abstract: An analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions has been developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual. Experimental results obtained on replicate samples of fluvial bottom sediments demonstrate that the relative standard deviation of the sequential extraction procedure Is generally better than =10%. The accuracy, evaluated by comparing total trace metal concentrations with the sum of the five Individual fractions, proved to be satisfactory. Complementary measurements were performed on the Individual leachates, and on the residual sediments following each extraction, to evaluate the selectivity of the various reagents toward specific geochemical phases. An application of the proposed method to river sediments is described, and the resulting trace metal speciation is discussed.
10,518 citations
"Speciation of Chromium in Soil and ..." refers background in this paper
...It is common conception nowadays that the total concentrations of metals in soils are not a good indicator of phytoavailability, or a good tool for potential risk assessment, due to the different and complex distribution patterns of metals among various chemical species or solid phases [17, 23, 24]....
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...This fraction is highly susceptible to pH changes [23]....
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Book•
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: The Biosphere The Anthroposphere Soils and Soil Processes Weathering Processes Pedogenic Processes Soil Constituents Trace Elements Minerals Organic Matter Organisms in Soils Trace Elements in Plants.
Abstract: Chapter 1 The Biosphere Chapter 2 The Anthroposphere Introduction Air Pollution Water Pollution Soil Plants Chapter 3 Soils and Soil Processes Introduction Weathering Processes Pedogenic Processes Chapter 4 Soil Constituents Introduction Trace Elements Minerals Organic Matter Organisms in Soils Chapter 5 Trace Elements in Plants Introduction Absorption Translocation Availability Essentiality and Deficiency Toxicity and Tolerance Speciation Interaction Chapter 6 Elements of Group 1 (Previously Group Ia) Introduction Lithium Rubidium Cesium Chapter 7 Elements of Group 2 (Previously Group IIa) Beryllium Strontium Barium Radium Chapter 8 Elements of Group 3 (Previously Group IIIb) Scandium Yttrium Lanthanides Actinides Chapter 9 Elements of Group 4 (Previously Group IVb) Titanium Zirconium Hafnium Chapter 10 Elements of Group 5 (Previously Group Vb) Vanadium Niobium Tantalum Chapter 11 Elements of Group 6 (Previously Group VIb) Chromium Molybdenum Tungsten Chapter 12 Elements of Group 7 (Previously Group VIIb) Manganese Technetium Rhenium Chapter 13 Elements of Group 8 (Previously Part of Group VIII) Iron Ruthenium Osmium Chapter 14 Elements of Group 9 (Previously Part of Group VIII) Cobalt Rhodium Iridium Chapter 15 Elements of Group 10 (Previously Part of Group VIII) Nickel Palladium Platinum Chapter 16 Elements of Group 11 (Previously Group Ib) Copper Silver Gold Chapter 17 Trace Elements of Group 12 (Previously of Group IIb) Zinc Cadmium Mercury Chapter 18 Elements of Group 13 (Previously Group IIIa) Boron Aluminum Gallium Indium Thallium Chapter 19 Elements of Group I4 (Previously Group IVa) Silicon Germanium Tin Lead Chapter 20 Elements of Group 15 (Previously Group Va) Arsenic Antimony Bismuth Chapter 21 Elements of Group 16 (Previously Group VIa) Selenium Tellurium Polonium Chapter 22 Elements of Group 17 (Previously Group VIIa) Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine
9,739 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a series of investigations and collaborative studies, initiated by BCR, on current methods of metal speciation by extraction of soils and sediments with chemical reagents are presented.
Abstract: An account is presented of a series of investigations and collaborative studies, initiated by BCR, on current methods of metal speciation by extraction of soils and sediments with chemical reagents. It was established by extensive consultation with European experts that the diverse procedures used could be harmonized into agreed methods. These methods, including both single extractant and sequential extraction procedures were subjected to collaborative, interlaboratory trials and the results, presented briefly here, showed that it was both possible and desirable that reference soils and sediments, characterised by certified values for extractable contents, be prepared. As a consequence of these studies two soils have been prepared and will shortly be the subject of interlaboratory analysis with a view to certification of their EDTA and acetic acid extractable contents of some heavy metals. Following this workshop a feasibility study of the agreed sequential extraction procedure will, it is believ...
1,452 citations
"Speciation of Chromium in Soil and ..." refers background in this paper
...A few reports on SEPs informed combining the exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions in a single step [34] or dividing the Fe and Mn oxide fractions into the amorphous oxyhydroxides and crystalline oxides [43] or including EDTA extractable, moderately reducible, and strongly reducible fractions [62] or even nine fractions for testing waste amended and agriculturally polluted sediments [63]....
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TL;DR: Four research areas relevant to metal phytoextraction from contaminated soil are reviewed and an assessment of the current status of technology deployment and suggestions for future phytoremediation research are concluded.
Abstract: plants capable of accumulating uncommonly high Zn levels. In 1935, Byers documented the accumulation of Remediation of sites contaminated with toxic metals is particularly selenium in Astragalus spp. One decade later, Minguzzi challenging. Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot be degraded, and the cleanup usually requires their removal. However, this energy- and Vergnano (1948) identified plants capable of hyperintensive approach can be prohibitively expensive. In addition, the accumulating up to 1% Ni in shoots. Following the idenmetal removing process often employs stringent physicochemical tification of these and other hyperaccumulator species, agents which can dramatically inhibit soil fertility with subsequent a great deal of research has been conducted to elucidate negative impacts on the ecosystem. Phytoremediation has been pro- the physiology and biochemistry of metal hyperaccumuposed as a cost-effective, environmental-friendly alternative technol- lation in plants. Significant results have been obtained, ogy. A great deal of research indicates that plants have the genetic and the understanding of metal accumulating mechapotential to remove many toxic metals from the soil. Despite this nisms substantially advanced. However, a better undpotential, phytoremediation is yet to become a commercially available erstanding of the biological processes is needed if phytechnology. Progress in the field is hindered by a lack of understanding toextraction is to become a reliable, commercially of complex interactions in the rhizosphere and plant-based mechanisms which allow metal translocation and accumulation in plants. In available technology. this paper, four research areas relevant to metal phytoextraction from The success of phytoextraction, as an environmental contaminated soil are reviewed. The review concludes with an assess- cleanup technology, depends on several factors includment of the current status of technology deployment and suggestions ing the extent of soil contamination, metal availability for future phytoremediation research. for uptake into roots (bioavailability), and plant ability to intercept, absorb, and accumulate metals in shoots (Ernst, 1996). Ultimately, the potential for phytoextracP hytoremediation, the use of plants for environmen- tion depends on the interaction between soil, metal, and tal restoration, is an emerging cleanup technology. plant. The complexity of this interaction, controlled by To exploit plant potential to remediate soil and water climatic conditions, argues against generic and in favor contaminated with a variety of compounds, several tech- of a site specific phytoremediating approach. This undernological subsets have been proposed. Phytoextraction lines the importance of understanding the mechanisms is the use of higher plants to remove inorganic contami- and processes that govern metal uptake and accumulanants, primarily metals, from polluted soil. In this ap- tion in plants. In this review, four research areas, releproach, plants capable of accumulating high levels of vant to soil and plant interaction as it relates to metal metals are grown in contaminated soil. At maturity, phytoextraction, have been identified. The significance metal-enriched aboveground biomass is harvested and of these areas is briefly discussed below.
1,275 citations
"Speciation of Chromium in Soil and ..." refers background in this paper
...It has long been recognized that the soluble, exchangeable, and loosely adsorbed metals are quite labile and hence more bioavailable for plants [26, 27]....
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