Specific Emitter Identification Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Spectral Features in Single Hop and Relaying Scenarios
Citations
79 citations
Cites background or methods from "Specific Emitter Identification Bas..."
...Furthermore, methods based on Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) have been demonstrated for successful RF fingerprinting [15]–[17]....
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...Each feature in [15]–[17] only describes the characteristics of the Hilbert spectrum from a certain perspective....
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...As mentioned, the algorithms proposed in [15]–[17] extract the features from the Hilbert spectrum....
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...Consequently, several different spectral features, including spectral flatness, spectral brightness, and spectral roll-off, are further explored for improving identification accuracy [17]....
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66 citations
Cites background or methods from "Specific Emitter Identification Bas..."
...Table VI lists the identification performance of the two groups of proposed schemes and the existing approaches in [23], [24] and [25] at SNR = 4, 12, 20 dB....
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...In [25], the authors develop an SEI method based on the VMD and the spectral features....
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...We evaluate the computational complexity of the proposed methods compared to the methods based on the time-frequency representation in [23], [24] and [25]....
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...identification performance than the method in [25] with the SNR from 0 dB to 20 dB....
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...signal pre-processing method has lower identification accuracy when SNR > 8 dB than the method in [25], but it outperforms the method in [25] at the low SNR....
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65 citations
Cites methods from "Specific Emitter Identification Bas..."
...EMD-EM2 [10], VMD-SF [44], and normalized permutation entropy (NPE) [8], as the control group to illustrate the advantages of our proposed RFFE-InfoGAN....
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...We choose several representative and recently proposed SEI methods, i.e., compressed bispectrum (CBS) [42], Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) [43], EMD-EM2 [10], VMD-SF [44], and normalized permutation entropy (NPE) [8], as the control group to illustrate the advantages of our proposed RFFE-InfoGAN....
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...Following the settings in [10] and [44], we choose the basic coefficients of the Taylor polynomials of 5 different emitters, β[1] = (1, 0....
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60 citations
55 citations
References
4,111 citations
"Specific Emitter Identification Bas..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Recently, variational mode decomposition (VMD) was proposed for simultaneous decomposition of all the modes non-recursively both in temporal and spectral domain [24]....
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...VMD is a recent decomposition technique, which decomposes a multicomponent signal in several band-limited modes non-recursively [24]....
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...The sequence of steps involved in VMD can be summarized as [24]....
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...where, θ(t) is a non-decreasing phase function, E(t) is the envelope and ω(t) = θ ′(t) is the instantaneous frequency [24]....
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...However, the major drawback of using EMD is that it suffers from mode mixing problem [24]....
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2,668 citations
"Specific Emitter Identification Bas..." refers background in this paper
...c) Spectral roll-off: Spectral roll-off can be defined as the frequency corresponding to the bin L below which certain percentage (usually 85% or 95%) of the total spectral energy is concentrated [30]....
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...It is given by the ratio of geometric mean to the arithmetic mean of the spectrum [30]....
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...sum of all the magnitudes in the spectrum [30]....
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1,140 citations
Additional excerpts
...RF fingerprints and do not use any modulation recognition techniques to classify the modulation scheme as in [31]–[39]....
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506 citations
"Specific Emitter Identification Bas..." refers background in this paper
...algorithm which analyzes the k number of nearest reference signals in the feature space and assigns the class to a testing signal [25], [26]....
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351 citations