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Specifying Skill-Based Training Strategies and Devices: A Model Description

TL;DR: The background and specifications of a model that identifies the skills required for competent performance of a job, specifies strategies for training those skills, defines training devices, and evaluates efficient use of skill-based training devices are described.
Abstract: : This report describes the background and specifications of a model that identifies the skills required for competent performance of a job, specifies strategies for training those skills, defines training devices, and evaluates efficient use of skill-based training devices. The framework addresses three benefits of skill training: (1) skill training provides more practice on critical skills in a given amount of time, (2) critical skills generalize to many tasks, and (3) training the critical skills involved in complex and difficult tasks decreases the mental workload required to learn or perform the tasks. Both a formal model and a concrete example of the steps derived from that theoretical approach in the context of the Air Traffic Control job domain are described. The specification of training strategies and devices is broken into four steps: identifying skills, selecting instructional strategies designing devices, and allocating training. First, tasks are reduced to their elements to identify the general abilities and domain-specific skills required. Second, skills are grouped and sequenced for training. Third, device interface and instructor support requirements are derived for the target skills. Finally, the projected cost of task training is compared to task training supplemented by the proposed skill training.

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Citations
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ReportDOI
01 May 1994
TL;DR: A review and analysis of the literature about training system models and methods during the last 20 years was conducted in this paper, where thirty-six training system estimation models were identified and evaluated with respect to the adequacy of their documentation and their ability to predict cost effectiveness, training efficiency, training effectiveness, and appropriate media selection.
Abstract: : A review and analysis of the literature about training system models and methods during the last 20 years was conducted. Thirty-six training system estimation models were identified. The models were evaluated with respect to the adequacy of their documentation and their ability to predict cost effectiveness, training efficiency, training effectiveness, and appropriate media selection. The purpose was to review the history and state of the art of such models and to identify their strengths and deficiencies. The goal was to see to what extent these models could be useful for enhancing future Army training system resource estimation early in the development of a materiel system.

13 citations

01 Sep 1983
TL;DR: This volume details the Arrow Trace Procedure, IDEF0 Integration Procedure and IDEF1 Integration Procedure for the transition of IDEF applications, concepts and procedures to other Air Force programs.
Abstract: : The Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) Architecture Part III was initiated to maintain and update the existing manufacturing architecture as well as develop training courses to assist in the transition of IDEF applications, concepts and procedures to other Air Force programs This volume details the Arrow Trace Procedure, IDEF0 Integration Procedure and IDEF1 Integration Procedure

4 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tested the 2-process theory of detection, search, and attention presented by the current authors (1977) in a series of experiments and demonstrated the qualitative difference between 2 modes of information processing: automatic detection and controlled search.
Abstract: Tested the 2-process theory of detection, search, and attention presented by the current authors (1977) in a series of experiments. The studies (a) demonstrate the qualitative difference between 2 modes of information processing: automatic detection and controlled search; (b) trace the course of the

7,032 citations


"Specifying Skill-Based Training Str..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Some research, such as that of Schneider and Shiffrin (1977; Shiffrin and Schneider, 1977), suggests that attentional requirements may decrease at a slower rate than is suggested by f....

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  • ...Reductions in attentional requirement seem to occur only for skills that involve consistent mapping between stimuli and responses (Shiffrin and Schneider, 1977; Schneider and Shiffrin, 1977)....

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Book
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: The GOMS Model of Manuscript Editing as mentioned in this paper has been used in many applications, e.g., for text selection and text editing in computer science, and for circuit design.
Abstract: Contents: Preface. An Applied Information-Processing Psychology. Part I: Science Base. The Human Information-Processor. Part II: Text-Editing. System and User Variability. An Exercise in Task Analysis. The GOMS Model of Manuscript Editing. Extensions of the GOMS Analysis. Models of Devices for Text Selection. Part III: Engineering Models. The Keystroke-Level Model. The Unit-Task Level of Analysis. Part IV: Extensions and Generalizations. An Exploration into Circuit Design. Cognitive Skill. Applying Psychology to Design Reprise.

4,999 citations

01 Jan 1977

3,219 citations


"Specifying Skill-Based Training Str..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Reductions in attentional requirement seem to occur only for skills that involve consistent mapping between stimuli and responses (Shiffrin and Schneider, 1977; Schneider and Shiffrin, 1977)....

    [...]

01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: In this article, both experimental and theoretical approaches are employed in an investigation of the mechanisms underlying the performance improvement that occurs in practice, and it is argued that a single law, the power of law of practice, adequately describes all of the practice data.
Abstract: Practice, and the performance improvement that it engenders, has long been a major topic in psychology In this paper, both experimental and theoretical approaches are employed in an investigation of the mechanisms underlying this improvement On the experimental side, it is argued that a single law, the power of law of practice, adequately describes all of the practice data On the theoretical side, a model of practice rooted in modern cognitive psychology, the chunking theory of learning, is formulated The paper consists of (1) the presentation of a set of empirical practice curves; (2) mathematical investigations into the nature of power law functions; (3) evaluations of the ability of three different classes of functions to adequately model the empirical curves; (4) a discussion of the existing models of practice; (5) a presentation of the chunking theory of learning

1,782 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a synthesis of general and specialized knowledge function in close partnership, and the authors explore the nature of this partnership and consider its implications for educational practice, and suggest a synthesis.
Abstract: Effective problem solving, sound decision making, insightful invention—do such aspects of good thinking depend more on deep expertise in a specialty than on reflective awareness and general strategies? Over the past thirty years, considerable research and controversy have surrounded this issue. An historical sketch of the arguments for the strong specialist position and the strong generalist position suggests that each camp, in its own way, has oversimplified the interaction between general strategic knowledge and specialized domain knowledge. We suggest a synthesis: General and specialized knowledge function in close partnership. We explore the nature of this partnership and consider its implications for educational practice.

1,117 citations