Speckle noise suppression in SAR images (Oil spill images) using wavelet based methods and ICA technique
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Cites methods from "Speckle noise suppression in SAR im..."
...O(i) = (Gi1 ⊕ G i 2 ⊕ … ⊕ G i l+k−1) (4) The output of Convolution layer 1 that is derived in Equation (4) is then used as the input to Layer 2 of the LSTM layer....
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...LS(MSE) = 1 n n∑ i=1 (Ti(t) − Mi(t))2 (13) The error for each patched input image is derived, based on Equation (14)....
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...G = [g(1), g(2), … , gl+k−1] (3) The output O(i) ∈R(l− k +1)xq of this convolutional layer is concatenated with each of the ith dimensional feature map that are derived using Equation (4)....
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...The utilized LSTM model in the proposed DNN-SNRT approach is comprised of multiple cells that, in turn, are comprised of individual forget gates that are used to and output gates that are used to derive the outputs based on Equations (5)–(10) respectively. i(t) = 𝜎(Wi[M(t−1),O(i)] + Ci) (5) g(t) = 𝜎(Wg[M(t−1),O(i)] + Cg) (6) O(t) = 𝜎(Wn[M(t−1),O(i)] + Co) (7) n(t) = tanh[Wh[M(t−1),O(i)] + Cf ) (8) D(t) = g(t)◦D(t−1) + i(t)◦n(t) (9) and M(t) = O(t)◦ tanh(D(t)) (10) Here, ‘𝜎’ is the sigmoid function that possesses gating values that range from 0 to 1 by (◦) highlighting the element pairwise multiplicative process....
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...Then, the feature representation corresponding to each feature vector G∈Rl+ k −1 based on weight vector f ∈Rkxh is determined based on Equation (3)....
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References
8,231 citations
"Speckle noise suppression in SAR im..." refers methods in this paper
...Out of the best standard de-noising filters viz., Lee filter, Frost Filter, etc., POAC, POSA and ICA, a comparison is being stated in this work....
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...The basic task in ICA is to estimate A and S using only the observed vector X....
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...ICA From the outputs shown in Fig.5-34, it is noticed that, ICA output has good contrast and brightness features for oil spill, while POAC and POSA smoothens better while preserving edges and textures when compared with all the other methods....
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...The linear equation which represents the ICA model can be written as X = A.S (12) where X is the observed vector of N samples (x1,x2,…….xn), A is called the mixing matrix and S is the statistically independent components(IC’s)....
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...ICA The ICA [12] is an entrenched statistical signal processing technique which decomposes a set of multi-variate signals into a base of statistically independent data-vectors with the...
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"Speckle noise suppression in SAR im..." refers background in this paper
...Basically, speckle noise has the nature of a multiplicative noise[3], which causes a pixel-to-pixel variation in intensities and this variation manifests itself as a granular noise pattern in SAR images [4, 5]....
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570 citations