Spectrum sharing improves the network efficiency for cellular operators
TL;DR: The article describes the potential gain by spectrum sharing between cellular operators in terms of network efficiency and encourages to seriously consider the inter-operator spectrum sharing technologies.
Abstract: The article describes the potential gain by spectrum sharing between cellular operators in terms of network efficiency. The focus of the study is on a specific resource sharing scenario: spectrum sharing between two operators in cellular downlink transmission. If frequency bands are allocated dynamically and exclusively to one operator - a case called orthogonal spectrum sharing - significant gains in terms of achievable throughput (spectrum sharing gains between 50 percent and 100 percent) and user satisfaction are reported for asymmetric scenarios at link and system level as well as from two hardware demonstrators. Additionally, if frequency bands are allocated simultaneously to two operators - a case called non-orthogonal spectrum sharing - further gains are reported. In order to achieve these, different enablers from hardware technologies and base station capabilities are required. However, we argue that all requirements are fulfilled in 3GPP and newer mobile standards. Therefore, the results and conclusions of this overview article encourage to seriously consider the inter-operator spectrum sharing technologies.
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24 Jun 2016
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive overview of the current state of 5G is presented, covering the most likely use cases, spectrum aspects, and a wide range of technology options to potential 5G system architectures.
Abstract: Written by leading experts in 5G research, this book is a comprehensive overview of the current state of 5G. Covering everything from the most likely use cases, spectrum aspects, and a wide range of technology options to potential 5G system architectures, it is an indispensable reference for academics and professionals involved in wireless and mobile communications. Global research efforts are summarised, and key component technologies including D2D, mm-wave communications, massive MIMO, coordinated multi-point, wireless network coding, interference management and spectrum issues are described and explained. The significance of 5G for the automotive, building, energy, and manufacturing economic sectors is addressed, as is the relationship between IoT, machine type communications, and cyber-physical systems. This essential resource equips you with a solid insight into the nature, impact and opportunities of 5G.
317 citations
TL;DR: The design of future networks calls for new optimization tools that properly handle the existence of multiple objectives and tradeoffs between them, often in a conflicting manner such that improvements in one objective lead to degradation in the other objectives.
Abstract: The evolution of cellular networks is driven by the dream of ubiquitous wireless connectivity: any data service is instantly accessible everywhere. With each generation of cellular networks, we have moved closer to this wireless dream; first by delivering wireless access to voice communications, then by providing wireless data services, and recently by delivering a Wi-Fi-like experience with wide-area coverage and user mobility management. The support for high data rates has been the main objective in recent years [1], as seen from the academic focus on sum-rate optimization and the efforts from standardization bodies to meet the peak rate requirements specified in IMT-Advanced. In contrast, a variety of metrics/objectives are put forward in the technological preparations for fifth-generation (5G) networks: higher peak rates, improved coverage with uniform user experience, higher reliability and lower latency, better energy efficiency (EE), lower-cost user devices and services, better scalability with number of devices, etc. These multiple objectives are coupled, often in a conflicting manner such that improvements in one objective lead to degradation in the other objectives. Hence, the design of future networks calls for new optimization tools that properly handle the existence of multiple objectives and tradeoffs between them.
224 citations
Cites background from "Spectrum sharing improves the netwo..."
...Bisection has fast convergence and the distance between a and the Pareto boundary is below ‖v‖ for given >0....
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TL;DR: For enhancing the battery life of the user terminals, a proposal is given in this paper, with spectrum sharing as its basis, to overcome the energy crunch.
Abstract: In order to meet the intense user demands, the 5G networks are evolving, and will be available by 2020. The unfolding cellular technology has raised the energy consumption in mobile networks with the carbon footprint surging to alarming rates. This is causing an adverse effect on the environment and human health. Addressing these aspects, this paper presents a survey on techniques for making the next generation cellular networks GREEN. A number of technologies form a part of the 5G networks, in order to support the drastic user demands, and are receiving substantial attention from the perspective of green communication. These include device-to-device communication, spectrum sharing, ultra dense networks, massive MIMO, and the Internet of Things. Also, a prime concern in the current scenario is the battery life of the mobile terminals. For enhancing the battery life of the user terminals, a proposal is given in this paper, with spectrum sharing as its basis, to overcome the energy crunch. Major research challenges have been discussed, and the ongoing projects and standardization activities also stated in this paper.
215 citations
Cites background from "Spectrum sharing improves the netwo..."
...Spectrummay be shared orthogonally or non-orthogonally [142], [143]....
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TL;DR: This survey studies the main concepts of dynamic spectrum sharing, different sharing scenarios, as well as the major challenges associated with sharing of licensed bands.
Abstract: The ongoing development of mobile communication networks to support a wide range of superfast broadband services has led to massive capacity demand. This problem is expected to be a significant concern during the deployment of the 5G wireless networks. The demand for additional spectrum to accommodate mobile services supporting higher data rates and having lower latency requirements, as well as the need to provide ubiquitous connectivity with the advent of the Internet of Things sector, is likely to considerably exceed the supply, based on the current policy of exclusive spectrum allocation to mobile cellular systems. Hence, the imminent spectrum shortage has introduced a new impetus to identify practical solutions to make the most efficient use of scarce licensed bands in a shared manner. Recently, the concept of dynamic spectrum sharing has received considerable attention from regulatory bodies and governments globally, as it could potentially open new opportunities for mobile operators to exploit spectrum bands whenever they are underutilized by their owners, subject to service level agreements. Although various sharing paradigms have been proposed and discussed, the impact and performance gains of different schemes can be scenario-specific, and may vary depending on the nature of the sharing players, the level of sharing and spectrum access scheme. In this survey, we study the main concepts of dynamic spectrum sharing, different sharing scenarios, as well as the major challenges associated with sharing of licensed bands. Finally, we conclude this survey with open research challenges and suggest some future research directions.
201 citations
Cites background from "Spectrum sharing improves the netwo..."
..., X2 interface to each other as well as sharing of some control and user data between them [75]....
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...connection among BSs of two different MNOs [75]....
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...for one cell in a dense urban scenario and also one site is almost 100Mb/s and 300Mb/s respectively [75]....
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TL;DR: The initial results show that, from a technical perspective, spectrum pooling at mmWave has the potential to use the resources more efficiently than traditional exclusive spectrum allocation to a single operator.
Abstract: Motivated by the specific characteristics of mmWave technologies, we discuss the possibility of an authorization regime that allows spectrum sharing between multiple operators, also referred to as ...
96 citations
Cites background from "Spectrum sharing improves the netwo..."
...Spectrum Pooling in MmWave Networks: Opportunities, Challenges, and Enablers Federico Boccardi, Hossein Shokri-Ghadikolaei, Gabor Fodor, Elza Erkip, Carlo Fischione, Marios Kountouris, Petar Popovski, and Michele Zorzi...
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References
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TL;DR: The technical challenges that have to be met when implementing the interesting new technology of spectrum pooling are described, which represents the coexistence of two mobile radio systems within the same frequency range.
Abstract: This article describes the technical challenges that have to be met when implementing the interesting new technology of spectrum pooling. This notion represents the coexistence of two mobile radio systems within the same frequency range. It enables the secondary utilization of already licensed frequency bands as aimed at by several regulatory authorities worldwide. The goal of spectrum pooling is to enhance spectral efficiency by overlaying a new mobile radio system on an existing one without requiring any changes to the actual licensed system. Several demanding tasks originate from this idea. Some of them have been solved in recent research projects. Others are subject to ongoing investigations. Here, the state of the art in spectrum pooling is presented.
1,268 citations
Additional excerpts
...For orthogonal inter-operator spectrum sharing a large number of different approaches are proposed in the literature [8]....
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TL;DR: The principal feasibility of COMP is shown in two field testbeds with multiple sites and different backhaul solutions between the sites, and significant gains can be shown for both the uplink and downlink.
Abstract: Coordinated multipoint or cooperative MIMO is one of the promising concepts to improve cell edge user data rate and spectral efficiency beyond what is possible with MIMOOFDM in the first versions of LTE or WiMAX. Interference can be exploited or mitigated by cooperation between sectors or different sites. Significant gains can be shown for both the uplink and downlink. A range of technical challenges were identified and partially addressed, such as backhaul traffic, synchronization and feedback design. This article also shows the principal feasibility of COMP in two field testbeds with multiple sites and different backhaul solutions between the sites. These activities have been carried out by a powerful consortium consisting of universities, chip manufacturers, equipment vendors, and network operators.
1,093 citations
13 Aug 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe and evaluate modern spectrum management tools, including auctions, administrative pricing, trading, property rights and spectrum commons, and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches adopted by different regulators.
Abstract: Are you fully up-to-speed on today's modern spectrum management tools? As regulators move away from traditional spectrum management methods, introduce spectrum trading and consider opening up more spectrum to commons, do you understand the implications of these developments for your own networks? This is the first book to describe and evaluate modern spectrum management tools Expert authors offer you unique insights into the technical, economic and management issues involved Auctions, administrative pricing, trading, property rights and spectrum commons are all explained A series of real-world case studies from around the world is used to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches adopted by different regulators, and valuable lessons are drawn from these This concise and authoritative resource is a must-have for telecom regulators, network planners, designers and technical managers at mobile and fixed operators and broadcasters, and academics involved in the technology and economics of radio spectrum
146 citations
TL;DR: Cognitive radio principles within ETSI RRS are concentrated on two topics, a cognitive pilot channel proposal and a Functional Architecture for Management and control of reconfigurable radio systems, including dynamic self-organizing planning and management, dynamic spectrum management, joint radio resource management.
Abstract: This article details the current work status of the ETSI Reconfigurable Radio Systems Technical Committee, positions the ETSI work with respect to other standards efforts (IEEE 802, IEEE SCC41) as well as the European Regulatory Framework, and gives an outlook on the future evolution. In particular, software defined radio related study results are presented with a focus on SDR architectures for mobile devices such as mobile phones. For MDs, a novel architecture and inherent interfaces are presented enabling the usage of SDR principles in a mass market context. Cognitive radio principles within ETSI RRS are concentrated on two topics, a cognitive pilot channel proposal and a Functional Architecture for Management and control of reconfigurable radio systems, including dynamic self-organizing planning and management, dynamic spectrum management, joint radio resource management. Finally, study results are indicated that are targeting a SDR/CR security framework.
122 citations
"Spectrum sharing improves the netwo..." refers background in this paper
...In a number of European countries the adaptive assignment of RATs to licensed spectrum is allowed by the regulatory bodies [5] enabling the flexible application of Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology....
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05 Jun 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the static clustering concepts are used to obtain the optimal UE-specific clustering, while being easy to use and requiring negligible signaling overhead, in a hexagonal cell layout and under a realistic deployment and signal propagation scenario.
Abstract: Coordinated multi-point (CoMP) has been selected as a key technology feature of LTE-Advanced, as it enables the exploitation of inter-cell interference in order to significantly increase spectral efficiency, especially at the cell-edge. While first field trials on CoMP schemes have delivered the proof-of-concept and shown that a moderate extent of theoretically predicated CoMP gains can indeed be achieved in practical systems, the implementation of these schemes has revealed many practical challenges. One central question is, for example, how small cooperation clusters can be extracted from large cellular systems, such that major portions of potential CoMP gains can be obtained at minimum signaling overhead. This paper deals with static clustering concepts, and shows that both in a hexagonal cell layout and under a realistic deployment and signal propagation scenario, static clustering concepts can perform close to optimal UE-specific clustering, while being easy to use and requiring negligible signaling overhead.
114 citations