Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality
TL;DR: Lawler as mentioned in this paper argued that being for the freeze means that one is not for disarmament, which is hardly a rational position in the sense that it is suspect if not immoral, in the eyes of some.
Abstract: that a plurality of the American Catholic bishops endorse a nuclear freeze (p. 4), saying that they are thus "taking their stance with Moscow,55 which is for a freeze, and not with the Vatican, which "is still in favor of disarmament?not a freeze.55 To make any sense at all, Mr. Lawler must mean that being for the freeze means that one is not for disarmament? hardly a rational position. One recalls here the arguments, during the 19305s and 19405s, that being for racial justice in the United States was suspect if not immoral, in the eyes of some, because the communists also favored it.
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TL;DR: The authors investigated implicit and explicit endorsement of prescriptive age stereotypes with the Propositional Evaluation Paradigm (PEP) and used a direct measure to assess explicit endorsement, finding strong support for age-specificity in both explicit and implicit endorsement.
Abstract: In this study, we investigated explicit and implicit endorsement of prescriptive age stereotypes. To achieve that, we captured endorsement of a wide range of prescriptive expectations targeting both younger (younger adults are expected to be ambitious, eager to learn, unconventional, respectful) and older (older adults are expected to stay active, to be generous, dignified, and wise) people. Younger (n = 58, 50% female, Mage = 26.07 years, SD = 3.01) and older adults (n = 75, 44% female, Mage = 66.69 years, SD = 4.63) participated in the study. We assessed implicit endorsement of prescriptive age stereotypes with the Propositional Evaluation Paradigm (PEP) and used a direct measure to assess explicit endorsement. In general, we found strong support for age-specificity in both explicit and implicit endorsement of prescriptive age stereotypes: Sentences ascribing expectations for young/old to the respective age group (e.g., “young should be ambitious”; “old should be wise”) were endorsed much more strongly than sentences in which expectations for young/old were ascribed to the other age group (e.g., “old should be ambitious”; “young should be wise”). Age group differences in the endorsement of prescriptive age stereotypes were found. Compared to younger participants, older participants showed stronger endorsement for prescriptive beliefs targeting both younger and older targets. Explicit and implicit endorsement of prescriptive age stereotypes did not correlate with one another, thus revealing they might assess independent belief systems with different predictive potential.
2 citations
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In the post-modern age, the economy, sciences and arts must be studied in the light of interpenetration among them, whereas in the modern age these areas used to be separately treated as discussed by the authors. But it seems to me that there is still plenty of room for discussion about the problem of to what degree cultural theory and ethical theory should overlap.
Abstract: Economic Philosophy and Ethics, which have been totally neglected by the dominant paradigm of neoclassical economics, stand now at an inchoate stage. According to Peter Koslowski, in the postmodern age the economy, sciences and arts must be studied in the light of interpenetration among them, whereas in the modern age these areas used to be separately treated. Economic actions and institutions can no longer be understood simply in a quantitative-mathematical way, as neoclassical economics assumes. It is now necessary to introduce a qualitative-hermeneutical method into economics, so that one can understand the cultural role played in a given economic society. Indeed, the cultural study of economics, as Peter Koslowski advocates, may be regarded as a positive theory of Ethical Economy in distinction from a normative theory. But it seems to me that there is still plenty of room for discussion about the problem of to what degree cultural theory and ethical theory should overlap.
2 citations
Book•
31 Jul 2021TL;DR: Bertelli's theoretical framework provides a guide for managers and reformers alike to chart a path toward democracy administered as mentioned in this paper, and it offers a novel framework for empirically and normatively understanding how democratic values have, and should be, reinforced by public administration.
Abstract: How does representative government function when public administration can reshape democracy? The traditional narrative of public administration balances the accountability of managers, a problem of control, with the need for effective administration, a problem of capability. The discretion modern governments give to administrators allows them to make tradeoffs among democratic values. This book challenges the traditional view with its argument that the democratic values of administration should complement the democratic values of the representative government within which they operate. Control, capability and value reinforcement can render public administration into democracy administered. This book offers a novel framework for empirically and normatively understanding how democratic values have, and should be, reinforced by public administration. Bertelli's theoretical framework provides a guide for managers and reformers alike to chart a path toward democracy administered.
2 citations
DOI•
01 Jan 2019TL;DR: In this article, an analytically separable interface that links individuals and institutions is presented, and four interrelated aspects of human action are analyzed in terms of habituation, deliberation, participation and reification, and constitution of norms.
Abstract: Anthropological differences assumed by neoclassical economics and macro- sociology and contrasted in the dichotomy of ‘homo economicus’ and ‘homo sociologicus’ are essentially generalisations of the ultimate distinction in the concepts of human action. A corresponding divide also pervades the conceptualisation of institutions. Maximising behaviour and a fixed and independent preference function on the one hand, and adaptive behaviour, and flexible but socially influenced preferences on the other, signify not only characterisations of possible courses of interpretation and action, but also the ‘ideal types’ assumed by the mainstream of the respective disciplines. This work aims to challenge this divide by linking the concepts of rational and interpretive action in the context of the ‘agency and structure’ or ‘participant – social whole’ debates. That is done through providing several new or recontextualised answers at the basic level of individual understanding and interpretation of purposes of action in general, and the action taking place within institutional and organisational contexts in particular. The underlying intention is to present an analytically separable ‘interface’ that links individuals and institutions. This interface is subsequently analysed in terms of four interrelated aspects of human action – habituation, deliberation, participation and reification, and constitution of norms. The paper attempts to offer insights into their internal dynamics of these processes, and to explore the links between them, including their simultaneity, partial overlapping and inherent tensions.
Keywords: Human Action; Communities of Practice; Institutions; Habits; Norms
Index: 1. Introduction – 2. Human action – 3. The aspects of human action – 4. Habituation – 5. Deliberation – 6. Participation and reification – 7. Constitution of norms – 8. Concluding remarks – References
2 citations
Cites background from "Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pl..."
...Communities are discursively constituted systems usually based on practices; belonging to a community includes sharing of sensibilities and intuitions (Walzer 1983), and inter-subjective meanings as a basis for actions and feelings that accompany them (Taylor 1985)....
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...Social science is linked with common sense (Fevre 2000), public debate within particular social contexts (Walzer 1983, 1987) and ideology (Fukuyama 1999)....
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show how individuals themselves locate their multiple dimensions of difference in specific situations and contexts and how they perceive the ways in which healthcare and social services encounter them.
Abstract: When people at risk of discrimination on multiple grounds or experiencing identity- based oppression meet healthcare and social services, their complex life stories often result in mistrust and prejudice. The aim of this article is to show how individuals themselves locate their multiple dimensions of difference in specific situations and contexts and how they perceive the ways in which healthcare and social services encounter them. We further point out how the different social divisions are enmeshed with and influenced by each other in given situations and contexts. The article points out that dynamics of mistrust and prejudice can not be overcome by treating people equally, as that approach would require abstracting from individuals’ specificities and ignoring asymmetries in the relationship between institutions and their clients. As the article shows, what is required instead is a practice of creating trust and responding to individual differences societies produce. Methodologically, we worked with in-depth interviews conducted with 22 persons in the Geneva region (during 2012) who possessed at least two categories of difference related to their sexual orientation, their physical and psychological abilities, and/or their origins. The number of interviewed people was determined by the logic of saturation. Based on these 22 in-depth interviews with people at risk of discrimination on multiple grounds and experiencing identity-based oppression, this study describes dynamics of incomprehension between them and healthcare and social services and how they might be overcome.
2 citations
Cites background from "Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pl..."
...This increasing complexity has resulted in a multiplication of overlapping ties (Amselle, 2000; Walzer, 1985) and differences between individuals that cannot be accommodated by an egalitarian perspective....
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