Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality
TL;DR: Lawler as mentioned in this paper argued that being for the freeze means that one is not for disarmament, which is hardly a rational position in the sense that it is suspect if not immoral, in the eyes of some.
Abstract: that a plurality of the American Catholic bishops endorse a nuclear freeze (p. 4), saying that they are thus "taking their stance with Moscow,55 which is for a freeze, and not with the Vatican, which "is still in favor of disarmament?not a freeze.55 To make any sense at all, Mr. Lawler must mean that being for the freeze means that one is not for disarmament? hardly a rational position. One recalls here the arguments, during the 19305s and 19405s, that being for racial justice in the United States was suspect if not immoral, in the eyes of some, because the communists also favored it.
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TL;DR: In this article, a multi-level theory of moral collapse is developed, which draws on institutional theory as its central orienting lens, and is associated with breakdowns in these flows, and explore conditions under which such breakdowns are likely to occur.
Abstract: Reports of widespread misconduct in organizations have become sadly commonplace. Sexual abuse in the Catholic Church, accounting fraud in large corporations, and physical and sexual harassment in the military implicate not only the individuals involved, but the organizations and fields in which they happened. In this paper we describe such situations as instances of “moral collapse” and develop a multi-level theory of moral collapse that draws on institutional theory as its central orienting lens. We draw on institutional theory because of its
explicit concern with the relationships among individual beliefs and actions, the organizations within which they occur, and the collective social structures in which norms, rules and beliefs are anchored. Our theory of moral collapse has two main elements. First, we argue that morality in organizations is embedded in nested systems of individuals, organizations and moral communities in which ideology and regulation flow “down” from moral communities through organizations to individuals, and moral ideas and influence flow “upward” from individuals through organizations to moral communities. Second, we argue that moral collapse is associated with breakdowns in these flows, and explore conditions under which such breakdowns are likely to occur.
85 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: The first attempt to bring together the leading critical theorists of world politics to discuss both the promise and the pitfalls of their work was made in this article, where the authors range broadly across the terrain of the world politics, engaging with both theory and emancipatory practice.
Abstract: This book represents the first attempt to bring together the leading critical theorists of world politics to discuss both the promise and the pitfalls of their work. The authors range broadly across the terrain of world politics, engaging with both theory and emancipatory practice. Critiques by two scholars from other IR traditions are also included. The result is a seminal statement of the critical theory approach to understanding world politics, an essential point of reference for future work in the field.
83 citations
TL;DR: This article focuses on key elements contributing to the public social policy debate, specifically from the perspective of promoting distributive justice, in Brazil and its relation to recent changes in national health policy and the literature on the issues of equity and social justice.
Abstract: This article focuses on key elements contributing to the public social policy debate, specifically from the perspective of promoting distributive justice. The reference is the Family Health Program in Brazil and its relation to recent changes in national health policy and the literature on the issues of equity and social justice. This concern is due to recent changes in social interventions by the Brazilian state, where targeting assumes a central place in the reform process. Specifically concerning health policy, the issue of equity has gained visibility, linked to the discussion on the profile of health expenditures. One of the central aspects in this context lies in the debate between notions such as the regressive and inequitable nature of targeted measures and programs, on the one hand, and the expanded perspective of access by what have traditionally been socially excluded sectors, on the other. The debate between such perspectives highlights the controversies concerning the effectiveness of health measures, equity, and the distributive concept of social justice, with the latter as the central discussion in this study.
82 citations
TL;DR: The boundaries of democracy are typically defined by the boundaries of formal status citizenship as discussed by the authors, which leave many migrants without a voice in political decision-making in the areas where they live and work, giving rise to a problem of democratic legitimacy.
Abstract: The boundaries of democracy are typically defined by the boundaries of formal status citizenship. Such state-centered theories of democracy leave many migrants without a voice in political decision-making in the areas where they live and work, giving rise to a problem of democratic legitimacy. Drawing on two democratic principles of inclusion, the all affected interests and coercion principles, this article elaborates this problem and examines two responses offered by scholars of citizenship for what receiving states might do. The first approach involves expanding the circle of citizenship to include resident noncitizens. A second approach involves disaggregating the rights conventionally associated with citizenship from the legal status of citizenship and extending some of those rights, including voting rights, to resident noncitizens. This article argues that both approaches fall short of satisfying the democratic principles of inclusion, which call for enfranchising individuals not only beyond the boun...
82 citations
Cites background from "Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pl..."
...As a number of political theorists and legal scholars have emphasized, the presence of large numbers of noncitizens who reside in a state’s territory but lack rights of participation gives rise to a problem of democratic legitimacy (Walzer 1983, p. 61, Raskin 1993b, pp. 1441–1445)....
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