Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality
TL;DR: Lawler as mentioned in this paper argued that being for the freeze means that one is not for disarmament, which is hardly a rational position in the sense that it is suspect if not immoral, in the eyes of some.
Abstract: that a plurality of the American Catholic bishops endorse a nuclear freeze (p. 4), saying that they are thus "taking their stance with Moscow,55 which is for a freeze, and not with the Vatican, which "is still in favor of disarmament?not a freeze.55 To make any sense at all, Mr. Lawler must mean that being for the freeze means that one is not for disarmament? hardly a rational position. One recalls here the arguments, during the 19305s and 19405s, that being for racial justice in the United States was suspect if not immoral, in the eyes of some, because the communists also favored it.
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Dissertation•
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the ideational, in the form of information, is endowed with power relations in spite of its abstraction, hence creating a tangible enough 'target' for 'offence/defence' by foreign policy.
Abstract: The contemporary practice of the internal-external divide in foreign policy is being challenged by globalization's non-territorial logic. This challenge is reformulated as information globalization; a border-crossing trend of social exposure to alternative ideas jointly precipitated by the global reach of information and communication technologies, global capitalism, and post-Cold War geopolitical fluidity. The agents and processes associated with it confound any orderly delineation of 'the foreign'. This can be understood as an ideational threat to the nation-state in terms of generating a public 'global information space' that reopens all borders to political struggle. For the nation-state to survive in this space, a reformulation of foreign policy as discourse is needed. This thesis argues that the ideational, in the form of information, is endowed with power relations in spite of its abstraction, hence creating a tangible enough 'target' for 'offence/defence' by foreign policy. In this regard, information is defined as the socially patterned relationship of events and symbols capable of politically inducing action, identity or community. Thus 'soft power', or the ability to produce outcomes through attraction instead of coercion, becomes a central focus of this examination of informational challenges to statist foreign policy. Two central research questions are posed. Firstly, how can foreign policy defend or project statist political communities using soft power within a global information space. Secondly, does soft power, when exercised in turn by non-state actors, affect foreign policy by undermining statist community within the same global information space. An answer to the first question is to actualise soft power through forms of Leadership, whether from 'Inside-Out' or 'Outside-In', which are derived from domestically proven communitarian discourses worthy of emulation abroad. Alternatively soft power can be exercised by non-state actors to the detriment of state interests trough processes I label the 'Intermestic Correlation of Forces', 'Socialisation' and the 'Demonstration of Ideas'. In this second hypothesis, foreign policy retains relevance by learning to accommodate itself to the demands of external parties with interests in the welfare of domestic political constituencies. Exercising soft power in the sense in a conflation of the international and the domestic (intermestic) spheres. The case studies of Singaporean and Chilean foreign policies respectively provide analytical illustrations of both hypotheses.
42 citations
Dissertation•
26 Nov 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose an analysis of a projet de transfert hydrique dans le Nordeste du Bresil, en nous penchant particulierement sur les conflits socio-environnementaux qui ont eu lieu autour de ce megaprojet.
Abstract: L'analyse des transferts hydriques inter-bassins massifs a fait l'objet de tres peu de travaux en economie. Pourtant ce type d'intervention hydraulique est amene a prendre une place croissante dans la gestion de l'eau au 21eme siecle, dans les pays en developpement et emergents notamment. Nous proposons une analyse du point de vue de l'economie ecologique d'un projet de transfert hydrique dans le Nordeste du Bresil, en nous penchant particulierement sur les conflits socio-environnementaux qui ont lieu autour de ce megaprojet. Dans un premier temps, nous caracterisons le style de developpement economique adopte par le Bresil au tournant du siecle ainsi que la dynamique des reformes de la gestion de l'eau. Nous tirons de cette analyse une presentation stylisee du complexe eau-economie necessaire a la comprehension du projet etudie. Nous discutons ensuite les apports et limites des approches economiques (economie du bien-etre, economie de la soutenabilite) de l'evaluation des grands projets hydrauliques. Nous mettons en exergue la specificite des transferts inter-bassins massifs et proposons une grille d'analyse economique adaptee. Dans une troisieme partie, nous approfondissons les conflits socio-environnementaux qui ont eu lieu autour du projet de transfert. Nous proposons une analyse en termes de justice environnementale ainsi qu'une modelisation de type institutionnaliste du conflit et de ses repercussions.
42 citations
Additional excerpts
...On devrait donc reconnaître d’emblée l’existence de différentes « sphères de justice » (Walzer, 1983)....
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...On devrait donc reconnaître d’emblée l’existence de différentes « sphères de justice » (Walzer, 1983). Nous reprenons l’idée de Walzer selon laquelle les individus ne se réfèrent pas à un seul ensemble de critères de justice. Nous devons donc partir du principe que différents objets sont justiciables de différents critères de justice. Comme le rappelle Markandya (2011), en pratique les sociétés n’appliquent pas des approches « pures » de la justice....
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TL;DR: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, endorsed by the United Nations in 1948, includes the right to leisure time, to cultural participation and to travel as mentioned in this paper, which has not permeated the field of leisure studies to any great extent.
Abstract: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, endorsed by the United Nations in 1948, includes the right to leisure time, to cultural participation and to travel. While the idea of human rights permeates many aspects of national and international life, it has not permeated the field of leisure studies to any great extent. The purpose of this paper is not to remedy this situation but to argue that this neglect is unjustified and to suggest that leisure researchers might incorporate the idea of human rights and leisure rights into their work. The paper is divided into six main parts. First, it considers the parallels between the neglect of human rights in sociology and in leisure studies. Second, it considers the basis of human rights in general. Third, it examines the nature of the leisure rights declared in the Universal Declaration. Fourth, the place of leisure in the general critique of economic, social and cultural rights is assessed. Fifth, the relationship between human rights and a number of themes in ...
42 citations
TL;DR: The claim that the buying and selling of security is a morally charged and contested practice of governance is claimed.
Abstract: In this article we draw upon our recent research into security consumption to answer two questions: first, under what conditions do people experience the buying and selling of security goods and se...
42 citations
Cites background from "Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pl..."
...The wider concern this creates (and the reason why it is not so easy to bring this aspect of private security under the umbrella of ‘consumer goods’) is that functionally public settings are being privately ordered in ways that may threaten or harm the values of equal access, pluralistic enjoyment, and freedom of expression that are in a liberal democracy associated with public space (Von Hirsch et al., 2000; Wakefield, 2003)....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: The authors examine the legitimacy of immigration controls in the context of Canada and this country's restrictive immigration policies and suggest that geographers should imagine alternatives to the current systems of immigration control and the regulation of the international movement of people.
Abstract: I examine the legitimacy of immigration controls in the context of Canada and this country’s restrictive immigration policies. Despite the fundamental, philosophical arguments against immigration restrictions, the necessity of immigration controls is rarely questioned in Canadian politics. In this paper I suggest that there is an incredible cynicism of Canadian immigration policies with respect to this country’s own political principles. The idea of international migration controls is neither sustainable from a larger liberaltheory perspective nor a political-economy viewpoint. I suggest that geographers should imagine alternatives to the current systems of immigration control and the regulation of the international movement of people.
41 citations