Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality
TL;DR: Lawler as mentioned in this paper argued that being for the freeze means that one is not for disarmament, which is hardly a rational position in the sense that it is suspect if not immoral, in the eyes of some.
Abstract: that a plurality of the American Catholic bishops endorse a nuclear freeze (p. 4), saying that they are thus "taking their stance with Moscow,55 which is for a freeze, and not with the Vatican, which "is still in favor of disarmament?not a freeze.55 To make any sense at all, Mr. Lawler must mean that being for the freeze means that one is not for disarmament? hardly a rational position. One recalls here the arguments, during the 19305s and 19405s, that being for racial justice in the United States was suspect if not immoral, in the eyes of some, because the communists also favored it.
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TL;DR: It is argued that health care systems that are grounded in solidarity have the right to penalise some users who are responsible for their poor health because solidary systems involve both rights and obligations and, in some cases, those who avoidably incur health burdens violate obligations of solidarity.
Abstract: Some healthcare systems are said to be grounded in solidarity because healthcare is funded as a form of mutual support. This article argues that health care systems that are grounded in solidarity have the right to penalise some users who are responsible for their poor health. This derives from the fact that solidary systems involve both rights and obligations and, in some cases, those who avoidably incur health burdens violate obligations of solidarity. Penalties warranted include direct patient contribution to costs, and lower priority treatment, but not typically full exclusion from the healthcare system. We also note two important restrictions on this argument. First, failures of solidary obligations can only be assumed under conditions that are conducive to sufficiently autonomous choice, which occur when patients are given 'Golden Opportunities' to improve their health. Second, because poor health does not occur in a social vacuum, an insistence on solidarity as part of healthcare is legitimate only if all members of society are held to similar standards of solidarity. We cannot insist upon, and penalise failures of, solidarity only for those who are unwell, and who cannot afford to evade the terms of public health.
37 citations
Cites background from "Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pl..."
...An alternative is to prevent individuals from buying direct health services outside of the basic package provided by the state (e.g. Gutmann, 1981: 553; Walzer, 1983: 90)....
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TL;DR: This paper explored the obstacles to the development and operation of a world state that are rooted in functional differentiation of modern societies, the ecological dominance of the broadly capitalist world market, and the inherent tendencies of all forms of governance to fail.
Abstract: This article explores the obstacles to the development and operation of a world state that are rooted in functional differentiation of modern societies, the ecological dominance of the broadly capitalist world market, and the inherent tendencies of all forms of governance to fail. It also highlights the challenges to the temporal as well as territorial sovereignty of states, whatever their scale of operation, due to the acceleration as well as globalization of social relations. Combining insights from Niklas Luhmann and Karl Marx, the article develops some novel arguments about multi-spatial metagovernance as an alternative approach to the problems posed by a world state as the guarantor of global social order.
37 citations
Cites background from "Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pl..."
...A further connection is Michael Walzer’s defence of plural spheres of justice, in which different moral values and norms hold for different sets of social relations (Walzer, 1984)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore social work practitioners' understanding of social justice and how understanding facilitates or impedes the pursuit of Social Justice within the practice field of mental health, finding that existing confusion and ambiguity regarding what social justice is poses a barrier to social justice pursuits.
Abstract: This article explores social work practitioners' understanding of social justice and how understanding facilitates or impedes the pursuit of social justice within the practice field of mental health. Existing confusion and ambiguity regarding what social justice is poses a barrier to social justice pursuits. Analysis of qualitative interview data from practitioners resulted in a multidimensional conceptualization of social justice as social systems, resources, and transformative respect. Clinical social workers in the field of mental health with an enhanced understanding of social justice may be better prepared to meet the profession's social justice aims.
37 citations
Cites background or result from "Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pl..."
...Results from the current study indicate, as others have suggested, that to be useful social justice should be interpreted within specific contexts or traditions (Miller, 1999; Nussbaum, 2000; Waltzer, 1983)....
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...Conceptualizing social justice as multidimensional has been suggested by others (Gil, 2008; Miller, 1999; Waltzer, 1983)....
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TL;DR: The following bibliography is intended to provide a comprehensive guide to literature central to the question of universalism and communitarianism in modern ethical theories as mentioned in this paper, with a focus on those sources which have recently come under scrutiny, citing those more or less classic 20th century sources of liberal theory.
Abstract: The following bibliography is intended to provide a comprehensive guide to literature central to the question of universalism and communitarianism in modern ethical theories. Obviously, claiming comprehensiveness is a tricky matter. Work which has been published as a direct or explicit contribution to contemporary scholarship provides less of a problem. Here I was able to rely heavily upon indexes and other bibliographical sources. It has been in determining what is relevant to the debate that I have necessarily had to be more selective. I certainly have not included all contributions to liberal ethical and political theory of the last century. Instead, I have focused on those sources which have recently come under scrutiny, citing those more or less classic 20th century sources of liberal theory and of liberalism’s critics, which are now drawing the attention of contemporary scholars. For the most part I have refrained from listing classical sources written prior to the 20th century.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a gendered analysis of the Live-in-caregiver program is presented, showing that women who come to Canada as caregivers continue to face vulnerability and exploitation because of key structures of the program, most importantly the live-in requirement.
36 citations
Additional excerpts
...(Walzer, 1983, p. 59)....
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