Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality
TL;DR: Lawler as mentioned in this paper argued that being for the freeze means that one is not for disarmament, which is hardly a rational position in the sense that it is suspect if not immoral, in the eyes of some.
Abstract: that a plurality of the American Catholic bishops endorse a nuclear freeze (p. 4), saying that they are thus "taking their stance with Moscow,55 which is for a freeze, and not with the Vatican, which "is still in favor of disarmament?not a freeze.55 To make any sense at all, Mr. Lawler must mean that being for the freeze means that one is not for disarmament? hardly a rational position. One recalls here the arguments, during the 19305s and 19405s, that being for racial justice in the United States was suspect if not immoral, in the eyes of some, because the communists also favored it.
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TL;DR: The potential for symbiosis between the two fields is vast and inspiring, even though it has only been unleashed partially and incidentally thus far as mentioned in this paper, and the boundaries of that potential contribution are.
Abstract: Organization theory and business ethics are essentially the positive and normative sides of the very same coin, reflecting on how human cooperative activities are organized and how they ought to be organized respectively. It is therefore unfortunate that—due to the relatively impermeable manmade boundaries segregating the corresponding scholarly communities into separate schools and departments, professional associations, and scientific journals—the potential symbiosis between the two fields has not yet fully materialized. In this essay we make a modest attempt at establishing further connectivity by surveying the terrain covered by the two disciplines jointly, as if the boundaries between them did not matter. We commence by providing a concise overview of the organization theory discipline for interested non-specialists from the field of business ethics. Next, we proceed to point out four research themes commonly investigated by members of both communities, and also a variety of organization-theoretical perspectives on each. In the final part of this essay we explore what organization theory has to offer business ethics, and what the boundaries of that potential contribution are. We warn skeptical readers in advance that the spirit and tone of our essay is most definitely upbeat, as we are convinced that the potential for symbiosis between the two fields is vast and inspiring, even though it has only been unleashed partially and incidentally thus far.
26 citations
TL;DR: Students of economics, law and medicine are confronted with distributive situations in different contexts characterised by two features inspired by medical decision problems: First, individual threshold values indicate minimal amounts needed by potential recipients of the given resource to obtain positive benefits, and second, recipients differ with respect to their ability to benefit from the given quantity, which indicates the productivity of the resource.
Abstract: In our questionnaire experiment we confronted students of economics, law and medicine with distributive situations in different contexts characterised by two features inspired by medical decision problems: First, individual threshold values indicate minimal amounts needed by potential recipients of the given resource to obtain positive benefits. Second, recipients differ with respect to their ability to benefit from the given quantity, which indicates the productivity of the resource. Allocations offered in the questionnaire are theoretically grounded. However, respondents were also able to make their own proposals. Well-known allocation rules, but also new procedures, were witnessed. Two multistage principles were most prominent: After distributing all minimal amounts, in a second step one aims for resource-equality while the other principle in the second step demands the maximisation of the sum of payoffs. Besides threshold values and productivity, the acceptance of different principles also depended on the field of study, the degree of scarcity of the resources and the sequential order of situations.
26 citations
Cites background from "Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pl..."
...Moreover, from a normative point of view, alterations of the resource to be distributed may define different justice realms for which distinct equity notions exist (Walzer 1983, Elster 1992)....
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01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The authors found that countries that had been ruled democratically for a long time tended to be more egalitarian; and more equality, in turn, stabilized democracy, but since the late 1970s and early 1980s, this trend towards equality has been reversed.
Abstract: Not too long ago, Muller (1988) found a mutually beneficial relationship between democracy and egalitarian income distribution. Countries that had been ruled democratically for a long time tended to be more egalitarian; and more equality, in turn, stabilized democracy. However, the data he used covered in large part the third quarter of the 20 th century – a period that has been characterized as the ‘golden age’ (Hobsbawm 1995). During this time, most industrial democracies grew not only more affluent but also became more egalitarian (Judt 2007: ch. 10-11). However, since the late 1970s and early 1980s, this trend towards equality has been reversed. First in AngloSaxon, then in other advanced democracies, incomes began to grow apart (Atkinson/Piketty 2007; Brandolini/Smeeding 2008). According to the OECD, most member countries have witnessed an increase in inequality between the mid-1980s and today (OECD 2008). In light of these developments, Alderson and Nielsen (2002) speak of the ‘great U-turn’ of income inequality.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an Uberblick uber den politischen Prozess, der zu einem in landervergleichender Perspektive unublichen Ergebnis der reform des deutschen Staatsangehorigkeitsrechts Ende der 1990er Jahre gefuhrt hat.
Abstract: Der Artikel gibt einen Uberblick uber den politischen Prozess, der zu einem in landervergleichender Perspektive unublichen Ergebnis der Reform des deutschen Staatsangehorigkeitsrechts Ende der 1990er Jahre gefuhrt hat. Die Kombination zweier sehr widerspruchlicher Elemente des geltenden deutschen Staatsangehorigkeitsrechts — ein ausergewohnlich weitgehendes und liberales ius soli und die Aufrechterhaltung einer im Vergleich zu anderen europaischen Immigrationsstaaten auserst restriktiven Haltung gegenuber doppelten Staatsburgerschaften — muss als ein im Wesentlichen unintendierter Kompromiss zweier politischer Lager betrachtet werden, die sehr verschiedene Uberzeugungen uber die Integration von Immigranten und der Gesamtgesellschaft vertreten. In diesem Artikel wird die These vertreten, dass die Verzogerung und die Gestalt der jungeren Reform des deutschen Staatsangehorigkeitsrechts nicht — zumindest nicht in den letzten etwa 15 Jahren — auf die Kontinuitat eines ethnischen Nationsverstandnisses zuruckzufuhren ist, wie dies uber Jahre zur Erklarung der restriktiven staatsangehorigkeitsrechtlichen Regeln Deutschlands in der Literatur prominent und wiederkehrend behauptet worden ist. Die deutsche Politik des Staatsangehorigkeitsrechts erklart sich vielmehr aus einer persistenten parteipolitischen und ideologischen Konfliktstruktur, die wiederum durch zentrale institutionelle Merkmale des politischen und rechtlichen Systems gefordert worden ist. Die sich polarisierend gegenuberstehenden, aber innerhalb eines republikanischen Selbstverstandnisses zu verortenden Auffassungen beziehen sich auf sehr unterschiedliche Interpretationen der Funktion der Staatsburgerschaft und des relativen Verhaltnisses der Aufgaben von Staat und Burger. Insbesondere wird auf der einen Seite Burgerschaft als Aktivitat und auf der anderen Seite Staatsburgerschaft als Rechtsinstitut akzentuiert.
26 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines the intellectually and pragmatic challenges posed by the economic crisis of 2008 on public administration and public policy and argues that we need to confront 5 major challenges that will,hopefully, provoke a more lively debate in the field about the substantive implications of this economic crisis.
Abstract: This article examines the intellectually and pragmatic challenges posed by the economic crisis of 2008 on public administration and public policy. It will be argued that we need to confront 5 major challenges that will,hopefully, provoke a more lively debate in the field about the substantive implications of this economic crisis. While these 5 challenges are hardly exhaustive, such challenges may force us to ask different questions that could elevate and enrich the intellectual enterprise we aspire to be.
26 citations