Spike-antibody responses following first and second doses of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 vaccines by age, gender, and clinical factors - a prospective community cohort study (Virus Watch)
Madhumita Shrotri,Madhumita Shrotri,Ellen Fragaszy,Ellen Fragaszy,Cyril Geismar,Vincent Nguyen,Sarah Beale,Isobel Braithwaite,Thomas Byrne,Wing Lam Erica Fong,Jana Kovar,Annalan M D Navaratnam,Parth Patel,Anna Aryee,Jamie Lopez Bernal,Anne M Johnson,Alison Rodger,Andrew Hayward,Robert W Aldridge +18 more
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In this article, a prospective community cohort study in England and Wales was conducted to understand antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals following a single dose of vaccination.Abstract:
Background Vaccination constitutes the best long-term solution against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Real-world immunogenicity data are sparse, particularly for ChAdOx1 and in populations with chronic conditions; and given the UK’s extended dosing interval, it is also important to understand antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals following a single dose. Methods Adults aged ≥18 years from households enrolled in Virus Watch, a prospective community cohort study in England and Wales, provided capillary blood samples and self-reported vaccination status. Primary outcome variables were quantitative Spike total antibody levels (U/ml) and seropositivity to Spike (≥0.8 U/ml), as per Roche’s Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay. Samples seropositive for Nucleocapsid, and samples taken prior to vaccination, were excluded. Outcomes were analysed by days since vaccination, vaccine type (BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1), and a range of self-reported demographic and clinical factors. Results 8,837 vaccinated participants (median age 65 years [IQR: 58, 71]), contributed 17,160 samples (10,508 following ChAdOx1, 6,547 following BNT162b2). Seropositivity to Spike was 96.79% (95% CI 96.42, 97.12) from 28 days following a single dose, reaching 99.34% (98.91, 99.60) from 14 days after a second dose. Seropositivity rates, and Spike-antibody levels rose more quickly following the first dose of BNT162b2, however, were equivalent for both vaccines by 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. There was evidence for lower S-antibody levels with increasing age (p=0.0001). In partially vaccinated 65-79 year-olds, lower S-antibody levels were observed in men compared with women (26.50 vs 44.01 U/ml, p Interpretation A single dose of either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 leads to high Spike seropositivity rates in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals. Observed disparities in antibody levels by vaccine type, age, and comorbidities highlight the importance of ongoing non-pharmaceutical preventative measures for partially vaccinated adults, particularly those who are older and more clinically vulnerable; and high antibody levels across all groups following a second dose demonstrate the importance of complete vaccination. However, the relationship between Spike-antibody levels and protection against COVID-19, and thus the clinical significance of observed disparities, is not yet clear.read more
Citations
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Dynamics of antibody response to BNT162b2 vaccine after six months: a longitudinal prospective study.
Paul Naaber,Paul Naaber,Liina Tserel,Kadri Kangro,Epp Sepp,Virge Jürjenson,Ainika Adamson,Liis Haljasmägi,Anna Pauliina Rumm,Regina Maruste,Jaanika Kärner,Joachim M. Gerhold,Anu Planken,Mart Ustav,Kai Kisand,Pärt Peterson +15 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the antibody and memory T cell responses after the two-dose BNT162b2 vaccine in 122 volunteers up to 6 months and correlated the findings with age and side effects.
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Vaccine effectiveness and duration of protection of Comirnaty, Vaxzevria and Spikevax against mild and severe COVID-19 in the UK
Nick Andrews,Nick Andrews,Elise Tessier,Julia Stowe,Charlotte Gower,Freja Kirsebom,Ruth Simmons,Eileen Gallagher,Meera Chand,Kevin E. Brown,Shamez N Ladhani,Shamez N Ladhani,Mary Ramsay,Mary Ramsay,Jamie Lopez Bernal,Jamie Lopez Bernal,Jamie Lopez Bernal +16 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a test-negative case-control design to estimate vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease, hospitalisation and mortality by age, comorbidity status and over time after the second dose to investigate waning separately for Alpha and Delta variants.
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Adaptive immunity and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern following vaccination in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study
Annika Fendler,Scott Shepherd,Scott Shepherd,Lewis Au,Lewis Au,Katalin A. Wilkinson,Katalin A. Wilkinson,Mary Wu,Fiona Byrne,Maddalena Cerrone,Maddalena Cerrone,Andreas M. Schmitt,Nalinie Joharatnam-Hogan,Benjamin Shum,Benjamin Shum,Zayd Tippu,Karolina Rzeniewicz,Laura Amanda Boos,Ruth Harvey,Eleanor Carlyle,Kim Edmonds,Lyra Del Rosario,Sarah Sarker,Karla Lingard,Mary Mangwende,Lucy Holt,Hamid Ahmod,Justine Korteweg,Tara Foley,Jessica Bazin,William Gordon,Taja Barber,Andrea Emslie-Henry,Wenyi Xie,Camille L. Gerard,Daqi Deng,Emma C Wall,Emma C Wall,Ana Agua-Doce,Sina Namjou,Simon Caidan,Mike Gavrielides,James I. MacRae,Gavin Kelly,Kema Peat,Denise Kelly,Aida Murra,Kayleigh Kelly,Molly O’Flaherty,Lauren Dowdie,Natalie Ash,Firza Gronthoud,Robyn L. Shea,Robyn L. Shea,Gail Gardner,Darren Murray,Fiona Kinnaird,Wanyuan Cui,Javier Pascual,Simon Rodney,Justin Mencel,Olivia Curtis,Clemency Stephenson,Anna Robinson,Bhavna Oza,Sheima Farag,Isla Leslie,Aljosja Rogiers,Sunil Iyengar,Mark Ethell,Christina Messiou,David Cunningham,Ian Chau,Naureen Starling,Nicholas C. Turner,Liam Welsh,Nicholas van As,Robin L. Jones,Joanne Droney,Susana Banerjee,Kate Tatham,Mary O'Brien,Kevin J. Harrington,Kevin J. Harrington,Shreerang Bhide,Shreerang Bhide,Alicia Okines,Alison Reid,Kate Young,Andrew Furness,Lisa Pickering,Charles Swanton,Charles Swanton,Sonia Gandhi,Sonia Gandhi,Steve Gamblin,David L.V. Bauer,George Kassiotis,Sacheen Kumar,Nadia Yousaf,Shaman Jhanji,Emma Nicholson,Michael Howell,Susanna Walker,Robert J. Wilkinson,Robert J. Wilkinson,Robert J. Wilkinson,James Larkin,Samra Turajlic,Samra Turajlic +109 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated 585 patients following two doses of BNT162b2 or AZD1222 vaccines, administered 12 weeks apart, and found that patients with hematological malignancies were more likely to have undetectable NAbT and had lower median NAbTs than those with solid cancers against both SARS-CoV-2 WT and VOC.
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Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and immune response amongst individuals in clinical risk groups
Heather Whitaker,Ruby S. M. Tsang,Rachel Byford,Nick Andrews,Julian Sherlock,P. Pillai,John Williams,E. S. Button,Helen Campbell,Mary Sinnathamby,William Victor,Sneha N Anand,Ezra Linley,Jacqueline Hewson,Silvia DArchangelo,Ashley Otter,Joanna Ellis,Richard Hobbs,Gary Howsam,Maria Zambon,Mary Ramsay,Kevin K. Brown,Simon de Lusignan,Gayatri Amirthalingam,Jamie Lopez Bernal +24 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used GP electronic health record data, sentinel virology swabbing and antibody testing within a cohort of 712 general practices across England to estimate vaccine antibody response and vaccine effectiveness against medically attended COVID-19 amongst individuals in clinical risk groups using cohort and test-negative case control designs.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy, Paediatrics, Immunocompromised Patients, and Persons with History of Allergy or Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Overview of Current Recommendations and Pre- and Post-Marketing Evidence for Vaccine Efficacy and Safety.
Nicoletta Luxi,Alexia Giovanazzi,Annalisa Capuano,Salvatore Crisafulli,Paola Maria Cutroneo,Maria Pia Fantini,Carmen Ferrajolo,Ugo Moretti,Elisabetta Poluzzi,Emanuel Raschi,Claudia Ravaldi,Chiara Reno,Marco Tuccori,Alfredo Vannacci,Giovanna Zanoni,Gianluca Trifirò +15 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the potential benefits and risks of COVID-19 vaccines in the special cohorts is presented, including pregnant and breastfeeding women, children/adolescents, immunocompromised people and persons with a history of allergy or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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TL;DR: This study in a nationwide mass vaccination setting suggests that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is effective for a wide range of Covid-19–related outcomes, a finding consistent with that of the randomized trial.
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