Spillover in Heterogeneous Catalysis
About: This article is published in Chemical Reviews.The article was published on 1995-05-01. It has received 1138 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Hydrogen spillover & Heterogeneous catalysis.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the progress that has been accomplished in the development of chemical, electrochemical, and electrical energy storage systems using graphene and summarize the theoretical and experimental work on graphene-based hydrogen storage systems, lithium batteries, and supercapacitors.
Abstract: There is enormous interest in the use of graphene-based materials for energy storage. This article discusses the progress that has been accomplished in the development of chemical, electrochemical, and electrical energy storage systems using graphene. We summarize the theoretical and experimental work on graphene-based hydrogen storage systems, lithium batteries, and supercapacitors. Even though the research on the use of graphene for energy storage began very recently, the explosive growth of the research conducted in this area makes this minireview timely.
1,155 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a critical review of the kinetics and selectivity of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is given, focusing on reaction mechanisms and kinetics.
Abstract: A critical review of the kinetics and selectivity of the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is given. The focus is on reaction mechanisms and kinetics of the water–gas shift and Fischer–Tropsch (FT) reactions. New developments in the product selectivity as well as the overall kinetics are reviewed. It is concluded that the development of rate equations for the FTS should be based on realistic mechanistic schemes. Qualitatively, there is agreement that the product distribution is affected by the occurrence of secondary reactions (hydrogenation, isomerization, reinsertion, and hydrogenolysis). At high CO and H2O pressures, the most important secondary reaction is readsorption of olefins, resulting in initiation of chain growth processes. Secondary hydrogenation of α-olefins may occur and depends on the catalytic system and the process conditions. The rates of the secondary reactions increase exponentially with chain length. Much controversy exists about whether these chain-length dependencies stem from differe...
1,074 citations
TL;DR: The functionalized magnetically retrievable catalysts or nanocatalysts that are increasingly being used in catalysis, green chemistry and pharmaceutically significant reactions are summarized in this review.
Abstract: Surface functionalization of nano-magnetic nanoparticles is a well-designed way to bridge the gap between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. The introduction of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in a variety of solid matrices allows the combination of well-known procedures for catalyst heterogenization with techniques for magnetic separation. Magnetite is a well-known material, also known as ferrite (Fe3O4), and can be used as a versatile support for functionalization of metals, organocatalysts, N-heterocyclic carbenes, and chiral catalysts. It is used as a support for important homogeneous catalytically active metals such as Pd, Pt, Cu, Ni, Co, Ir, etc. to obtain stable and magnetically recyclable heterogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous organocatalysts can be successfully decorated with linkers/ligands on the surface of magnetite or alternatively the organocatalysts can be directly immobilized on the surface of magnetite. The functionalized magnetically retrievable catalysts or nanocatalysts that are increasingly being used in catalysis, green chemistry and pharmaceutically significant reactions are summarized in this review.
1,057 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the recent technological and theoretical advances related to the CeO2-based nanomaterials, with a focus on the synthesis from one dimensional to mesoporous ceria as well as the properties from defect chemistry to nano-size effects.
Abstract: The controllable synthesis of nanostructured CeO2-based materials is an imperative issue for environment- and energy-related applications. In this review, we present the recent technological and theoretical advances related to the CeO2-based nanomaterials, with a focus on the synthesis from one dimensional to mesoporous ceria as well as the properties from defect chemistry to nano-size effects. Seven extensively studied aspects regarding the applications of nanostructured ceria-based materials are selectively surveyed as well. New experimental approaches have been demonstrated with an atomic scale resolution characterization. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations can provide insight into the rational design of highly reactive catalysts and understanding of the interactions between the noble metal and ceria support. Achieving desired morphologies with designed crystal facets and oxygen vacancy clusters in ceria via controlled synthesis process is quite important for highly active catalysts. Finally, remarks on the challenges and perspectives on this exciting field are proposed.
956 citations
01 Nov 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of metal-support interaction tuning strategies to enhance catalytic performance for various reactions is presented, showing that up to fifteen-fold productivity enhancement has been achieved, and that metal support interaction is most impactful for metal nanoparticles smaller than four nanometres.
Abstract: Metal nanoparticles stabilized on a support material catalyse many major industrial reactions. Metal-support interactions in these nanomaterials can have a substantial influence on the catalysis, making metal-support interaction modulation one of the few tools able to enhance catalytic performance. This topic has received much attention in recent years, however, a systematic rationalization of the field is lacking due to the great diversity in catalysts, reactions and modification strategies. In this review, we cover and categorize the recent progress in metal-support interaction tuning strategies to enhance catalytic performance for various reactions. Furthermore, we quantify the productivity enhancements resulting from metal-support interaction control that have been achieved in C1 chemistry in recent years. Our analysis shows that up to fifteen-fold productivity enhancement has been achieved, and that metal-support interaction is most impactful for metal nanoparticles smaller than four nanometres. These findings demonstrate the importance of metal-support interaction to improve performance in catalysis. Methods to control the performance of heterogeneous catalysts are extremely relevant to the success of industrial processes. This review provides a rationalization of the effects that metal support interactions have on the reactivity of different catalytic systems, emphasizing strategies to tune such effects.
904 citations
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