Journal ArticleDOI
Sporadic and Familial Hemiplegic Migraine: Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Management
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TLDR
Results from functional studies indicate that neuronal hyperexcitability has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hemiplegic migraine and prophylactic treatment can include lamotrigine and acetazolamide.Abstract:
Hemiplegic migraine is a rare form of migraine with aura that involves motor aura (weakness). This type of migraine can occur as a sporadic or a familial disorder. Familial forms of hemiplegic migraine are dominantly inherited. Data from genetic studies have implicated mutations in genes that encode proteins involved in ion transportation. However, at least a quarter of the large families affected and most sporadic cases do not have a mutation in the three genes known to be implicated in this disorder, suggesting that other genes are still to be identified. Results from functional studies indicate that neuronal hyperexcitability has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hemiplegic migraine. The clinical manifestations of hemiplegic migraine range from attacks with short-duration hemiparesis to severe forms with recurrent coma and prolonged hemiparesis, permanent cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, transient blindness, or mental retardation. Diagnosis relies on a careful patient history and exclusion of potential causes of symptomatic attacks. The principles of management are similar to those for common varieties of migraine, except that vasoconstrictors, including triptans, are historically contraindicated but are often used off-label to stop the headache, and prophylactic treatment can include lamotrigine and acetazolamide.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pathophysiology of Migraine
TL;DR: This review focuses on emerging concepts that drive the science of migraine in both a mechanistic direction and a therapeutic direction.
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1,3,4-Thiadiazole: Synthesis, Reactions, and Applications in Medicinal, Agricultural, and Materials Chemistry
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Migraine pathophysiology: lessons from mouse models and human genetics
Michel D. Ferrari,Roselin R. Klever,Gisela M. Terwindt,Cenk Ayata,Arn M. J. M. van den Maagdenberg +4 more
TL;DR: The findings confirm the multifactorial basis of migraine and might allow new prophylactic options to be developed, not only for migraine but potentially also for migraine-comorbid disorders such as epilepsy, depression, and stroke.
Journal ArticleDOI
Migraine and stroke: a complex association with clinical implications.
Tobias Kurth,Tobias Kurth,Hugues Chabriat,Hugues Chabriat,Marie-Germaine Bousser,Marie-Germaine Bousser +5 more
TL;DR: Data show no firm association between stroke and migraine without aura--by far the most common type of migraine--but a doubling of the risk of ischaemic stroke in people who have migraine with aura, which is characterised by a low brain threshold for cortical spreading depression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Migraine: a disorder of brain excitatory–inhibitory balance?
Dania Vecchia,Daniela Pietrobon +1 more
TL;DR: Current understanding of migraine mechanisms, focusing on recent advances regarding migraine genetics, headache mechanisms, and the primary brain dysfunction(s) underlying migraine onset and susceptibility to cortical spreading depression, is reviewed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The International Classification of Headache Disorders
TL;DR: The ICHD identifies and categorizes more than a hundred different kinds of headache in a logical, hierarchal system and has provided explicit diagnostic criteria for all of the headache disorders listed.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Report on the Journal 2004
TL;DR: From this issue Cephalalgia will become a monthly journal and has a strong throughput of excellent work and rather than raise the rejection rate, and somewhat arbitrarily dismiss work that readers might be very interested in seeing, it is timely to increase to 12 issues a year.
Journal ArticleDOI
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine and Episodic Ataxia Type-2 Are Caused by Mutations in the Ca2+ Channel Gene CACNL1A4
Roel A. Ophoff,Gisela M. Terwindt,Monique N. Vergouwe,Ronald van Eijk,Peter J. Oefner,Susan M.G. Hoffman,Jane Lamerdin,Harvey W. Mohrenweiser,Dennis E. Bulman,Maurizio Ferrari,Joost Haan,Dick Lindhout,Gert-Jan B. van Ommen,Marten H. Hofker,Michel D. Ferrari,Rune R. Frants +15 more
TL;DR: A brain-specific P/Q-type Ca2+ channel alpha1-subunit gene, CACNL1A4, covering 300 kb with 47 exons is characterized, revealing polymorphic variations, including a (CA)n-repeat (D19S1150), a (CAG) n-repeat in the 3'-UTR, and different types of deleterious mutations in FHM and EA-2.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (SCA6) associated with small polyglutamine expansions in the α(1A)-voltage-dependent calcium channel
Olga Zhuchenko,Jennifer Bailey,Penelope E. Bonnen,T. Ashizawa,T. Ashizawa,David W. Stockton,Christopher I. Amos,William B. Dobyns,S. H. Subramony,Huda Y. Zoghbi,Cheng Chi Lee +10 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that a small polyglutamine expansion in the human α1A calcium channel is most likely the cause of a newly classified autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, SCA6.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of migraine aura revealed by functional MRI in human visual cortex
Nouchine Hadjikhani,Margarita Sanchez del Rio,Ona Wu,Denis Schwartz,Dick Bakker,Bruce Fischl,Kenneth K. Kwong,F. Michael Cutrer,Bruce R. Rosen,Roger B. H. Tootell,A. Gregory Sorensen,Michael A. Moskowitz +11 more
TL;DR: High-field functional MRI with near-continuous recording during visual aura in three subjects observed blood oxygenation level-dependent signal changes that strongly suggest that an electrophysiological event such as CSD generates the aura in human visual cortex.
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