Spray flash evaporator for low-temperature saline water desalination application
20 Nov 2007-International Journal of Nuclear Desalination (Inderscience Publishers)-Vol. 2, Iss: 4, pp 393
TL;DR: In this article, a spray-type flash evaporator is proposed for the application of saline water desalination, which is based on experiments conducted at vacuum pressures between 10 and 18 mm of Hg, and at saline feed water temperatures between 26?C and 32?C.
Abstract: A new spray-type flash evaporator is suggested for the application of saline water desalination. The flash evaporator is 1000 mm in height and 1200 mm in diameter, with a water injection arrangement inside. The evaporator design is based on experiments conducted at vacuum pressures between 10 and 18 mm of Hg, and at saline feed water temperatures between 26?C and 32?C. The saline water is injected into a vapouriser through a pair of high-flow swirl injectors with a nominal flow rate of 1.5 litre/sec. per jet and the distance between the injectors is taken as 200 mm for design. The influence of the different thermal, hydrodynamic and geometric parameters on the evaporator performances was investigated. The results obtained are presented, which prove the validity of the proposed system.
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13 Jan 2017TL;DR: In this article, systems and methods using membrane distillation are provided for desalinating water, for example for the production of potable water, to address freshwater requirements, and they do not require applying an external heat source, or the energy cost of the heating source, to heat the feed stream to the membrane.
Abstract: Systems and methods using membrane distillation are provided for desalinating water, for example for the production of potable water, to address freshwater requirements. In an aspect the systems and methods do not require applying an external heat source, or the energy cost of the heating source, to heat the feed stream to the membrane. In an aspect, the sensible heat present in surface seawater is used for the heat energy for the warm stream fed to the membrane, and deep seawater is used as the cold/coolant feed to the membrane to provide the needed temperature gradient or differential across the membrane.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided empirical mass and kinetic models for flash evaporation of sodium chloride (NaCl) aqueous solution based on experimental phenomena, and a statistical method proved the mass model is well posed.
Abstract: This paper attempts to provide empirical mass and kinetic models for the flash evaporation of sodium chloride (NaCl) aqueous solution based on experimental phenomena. The models have nine parameters and six affecting factors including initial temperature, operation pressure, NaCl mass fraction, solution depth, evaporator diameter and time. On the basis of a large number of flash evaporation experimental data from various literatures, the mass model parameters were optimized and validated. After optimization of the model parameters with 283 sets of literature experimental data, the average relative error between the model values and the experimental data is about 5.7%. And a statistical method proved the mass model is well posed. The verification with other 215 sets of literature experimental data showed the mass model is in good agreement with flash evaporation phenomena, and the average relative error between the model values and the experimental data is about 8.3%. Then, the kinetic model of flash evapo...