Spray properties of alternative fuels: A comparative analysis of biodiesel and diesel
TL;DR: In this paper, an experiment was carried out to investigate the spray properties of biodiesel and the results indicated that the spray tip penetrations and cone angles increased with increasing injection duration.
Abstract: Physical properties of biodiesel play an important role in the injection, atomization and combustion performance. An experiment was carried out to investigate the spray properties of biodiesel. The experimental setup was based on an electronic unit-pump (EUP) bench, a constant volume chamber and a high-speed digital camera. The photographs of spray were dealt with by using an image processing procedure. Then the spray tip penetrations and cone angles were obtained and analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the spray tip penetrations and cone angles of biodiesel increase with increasing injection duration. In addition, with decreasing ambient pressure the spray tip penetrations increase while the cone angles decrease. Furthermore, ambient pressure has a stronger effect on the spray properties of biodiesel than injection pressure. On the macroscopically view, the shape of biodiesel spray is similar to that of diesel. The final tip penetrations and cone angles of biodiesel are greater than those of diesel due to its higher viscosity, density and bulk modulus. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the performance, combustion and injection characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine have been investigated experimentally when it was fueled with canola oil methyl ester (COME) and waste (frying) palm oil methyl Ester (WPOME) in order to determine the performance and combustion characteristics.
242 citations
Cites background from "Spray properties of alternative fue..."
...Some researchers [29,30] have shown that the compressibility of biodiesel is lower than that of diesel fuel....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview on microalgae with particular emphasis as a source for energy (biofuel/electricity) and new materials and discuss the critical issues involved in production of micro algae and their use, future R&D to overcome these, including the work initiated by the Federal University of Parana, UFPR, in Brazil are discussed.
Abstract: Increasing energy demands, predicted fossil fuels shortage in the near future, and environmental concerns due to the production of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide on their combustion have motivated the search for alternative ‘clean’ energy sources. Among many resources for this, microalgae have been found to be most promising due to their high production capacity of vegetable oils. They possess a high growth rate, need abundantly available solar light and CO2, and thus are more photosynthetically efficient than oil crops. Also, they tolerate high concentration of salts allowing the use of any type of water for the agriculture and the possibility of production using innovative compact photobioreactors. In addition, microalgae are a potential source of biomass, which may have great biodiversity and consequent variability in their biochemical composition. This paper presents an overview on microalgae with particular emphasis as a source for energy (biofuel/electricity) and new materials. Critical issues involved in production of microalgae and their use, future R & D to overcome these, including the work initiated by the authors at Federal University of Parana, UFPR, in Brazil are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
229 citations
Cites background from "Spray properties of alternative fue..."
...A recent work investigated the spray properties of biodiesel [82]....
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TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study has been carried out on a direct-injection turbocharged diesel engine, where particle-phase and gas-phase PAHs in engine exhaust were collected by fiberglass filters and PUF/XAD-2/PUF cartridges, respectively, and determined by a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS).
172 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the spray and atomization characteristics were investigated for commercial No. 2 diesel fuel, biodiesel (FAME) derived from waste cooking oil (B100), 20% biodiesel blended diesel fuel (B20), renewable diesel fuel produced in house, and civil aircraft jet fuel (Jet-A).
156 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the performance of pure petroleum diesel fuel, blends of canola-safflower biodiesel and oxygenated fuel additives such as solketal and ethanol in a common rail diesel engine under three engine speeds and medium engine load conditions.
139 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of the production, characterization and current statuses of vegetable oil and biodiesel as well as the experimental research work carried out in various countries is presented.
2,891 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the exhaust emissions of a Diesel direct injection Perkins engine fueled with waste olive oil methyl ester were studied at several steady-state operating conditions, characterized with neat biodiesel from used olive oil and conventional Diesel fuel.
669 citations
513 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the mixing ratio of biodiesels on the emission characteristics and engine performance was investigated at various mixing ratios of the biodiesel and engine operation conditions, and physical properties such as kinematic viscosity and cetane number were analyzed to study relations with fuel atomization and combustion characteristics.
Abstract: In this paper we describe the atomization and combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuels in a common-rail diesel engine. To investigate the effect of the mixing ratio of biodiesels on the emission characteristics and engine performance, the experiments were conducted at various mixing ratios of the biodiesel and engine operation conditions. In addition, the physical properties such as kinematic viscosity and cetane number of the biodiesel-blended fuel were analyzed to study relations with the fuel atomization and combustion characteristics. The atomization characteristics of biodiesel-blended fuels were investigated in terms of spray tip penetration, SMD, and mean velocity distributions by using a spray visualization system and phase Doppler particle analyzer. The effect of the mixing ratio on the combustion characteristics was studied on the basis of the results of the combustion pressure obtained from the single-cylinder engine at various experimental conditions. The emission characteristics of HC, N...
324 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, various blends of rubber seed oil and diesel were prepared and its important properties such as viscosity, calorific value, flash point, fire point, etc. were evaluated and compared with that of diesel.
318 citations