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SPSS survival manual : a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS

01 Jan 2010-
TL;DR: In this paper, SPSS is used to explore relationships among variables using graphs to describe and explore the data, checking the reliability of a scale, choosing the right statistic, and comparing groups.
Abstract: Preface Data files and website Introduction and overview Part One: Getting started Designing a study Preparing a codebook Getting to know SPSS Part Two: Preparing the data file Creating a data file and entering data Screening and cleaning the data Part Three: Preliminary analyses Descriptive statistics Using graphs to describe and explore the data Manipulating the data Checking the reliability of a scale Choosing the right statistic Part Four: Statistical techniques to explore relationships among variables Correlation Partial correlation Multiple regression Logistic regression Factor analysis Part Five: Statistical techniques to compare groups Non-parametric statistics T-tests One-way analysis of variance Two-way between-groups ANOVA Mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance Multivariate analysis of variance Analysis of covariance Appendix: Details of data files Recommended reading References Index
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim of this commentary is to overview checking for normality in statistical analysis using SPSS.
Abstract: Statistical errors are common in scientific literature and about 50% of the published articles have at least one error. The assumption of normality needs to be checked for many statistical procedures, namely parametric tests, because their validity depends on it. The aim of this commentary is to overview checking for normality in statistical analysis using SPSS.

2,782 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The hypothesized 2-factor structure (cognitive and affective empathy) was tested and provided the best and most parsimonious fit to the data.
Abstract: Empathy has been inconsistently defined and inadequately measured. This research aimed to produce a new and rigorously developed questionnaire. Exploratory (n₁ = 640) and confirmatory (n₂ = 318) factor analyses were employed to develop the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE). Principal components analysis revealed 5 factors (31 items). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed this structure in an independent sample. The hypothesized 2-factor structure (cognitive and affective empathy) was tested and provided the best and most parsimonious fit to the data. Gender differences, convergent validity, and construct validity were examined. The QCAE is a valid tool for assessing cognitive and affective empathy.

571 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Reducing maladaptive coping behaviors may have the most positive impact on reducing depression, anxiety, and stress in this population of undergraduates.
Abstract: Recent research indicates that young adult college students experience increased levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. It is less clear what strategies college health care providers might use to assist students in decreasing these mental health concerns. In this paper, we examine the relative importance of coping style, life satisfaction, and selected demographics in predicting undergraduates’ depression, anxiety, and stress. A total of 508 full-time undergraduate students aged 18–24 years completed the study measures and a short demographics information questionnaire. Coping strategies and life satisfaction were assessed using the Brief COPE Inventory and an adapted version of the Brief Students’ Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale. Depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relative influence of each of the independent variables on depression, anxiety, and stress. Maladaptive co...

516 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A survey tool that organizations can use to identify their strengths and weaknesses and to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of their resilience strategies and investments is developed in this article, which can also be a source of competitiveness and a driver of cultural adaptive capacity.
Abstract: Organizationalandcommunityresilienceareinterrelatedandinterdependent.Asaresult,organizational resilienceisacriticalcom- ponentofcommunities' ability to plan for, respond to, and recover from emergencies and crises. Organizational resilience can also be a source of competitiveness and a driver of cultural adaptive capacity. Toinvest in resilience, organizations need to understand their resilience strengths and weaknesses and must be able to evaluate the effectiveness of resilience strategies. This paper develops a survey tool that organizations can use to identify their strengths and weaknesses and to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of their resilience strategies and investments. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000075. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.

423 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the association between three specified capabilities (shared vision, stakeholder management and strategic proactivity) and financial performance in SMEs and found that all specified capabilities are positively associated with adoption of proactive corporate social responsibility by SMEs, and that proactive CSR is, in turn, associated with an improvement in firm financial performance.
Abstract: Proactive corporate social responsibility (CSR) involves business strategies and practices adopted voluntarily by firms that go beyond regulatory requirements in order to manage their social responsibilities, and thereby contribute broadly and positively to society. Proactive CSR has been less researched in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) compared to large firms; and, whether SMEs are ideally placed to gain competitive advantage through such activity therefore remains a point of debate. This study examines empirically the association between three specified capabilities (shared vision, stakeholder management and strategic proactivity), proactive CSR and financial performance in SMEs. Using quantitative data collected from a sample of 171 SMEs in the machinery and equipment sector of the Australian manufacturing industry, we find that all specified capabilities are positively associated with adoption of proactive CSR by SMEs, and that proactive CSR is, in turn, associated with an improvement in firm financial performance. Evidence of a fully mediating role for proactive CSR on the association between capabilities and financial performance presented in this study aligns with RBV theory that suggests adoption of value-creating strategies that make the most effective use of a firm’s capabilities is essential to financial success. The study contributes to the CSR literature by demonstrating a case for SMEs being able to maximise financial returns whilst proactively making progress towards CSR.

380 citations

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How can I use SPSS to analyze my data?

The paper provides a step-by-step guide on how to use SPSS for data analysis, including designing a study, preparing a codebook, creating a data file, conducting preliminary analyses, and using various statistical techniques to explore relationships among variables and compare groups.