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Journal ArticleDOI

Stability of a Schwarzschild Singularity

15 Nov 1957-Physical Review (American Physical Society)-Vol. 108, Iss: 4, pp 1063-1069
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that a Schwarzschild singularity, spherically symmetrical and endowed with mass, will undergo small vibrations about the spherical form and therefore remain stable if subjected to a small nonspherical perturbation.
Abstract: It is shown that a Schwarzschild singularity, spherically symmetrical and endowed with mass, will undergo small vibrations about the spherical form and will therefore remain stable if subjected to a small nonspherical perturbation.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Extended Theories of Gravity as discussed by the authors can be considered as a new paradigm to cure shortcomings of General Relativity at infrared and ultraviolet scales, which is an approach that, by preserving the undoubtedly positive results of Einstein's theory, is aimed to address conceptual and experimental problems recently emerged in astrophysics, cosmology and High Energy Physics.

2,776 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Quasinormal modes are eigenmodes of dissipative systems as discussed by the authors, and they serve as an important tool for determining the near-equilibrium properties of strongly coupled quantum field theories, such as viscosity, conductivity and diffusion constants.
Abstract: Quasinormal modes are eigenmodes of dissipative systems. Perturbations of classical gravitational backgrounds involving black holes or branes naturally lead to quasinormal modes. The analysis and classification of the quasinormal spectra require solving non-Hermitian eigenvalue problems for the associated linear differential equations. Within the recently developed gauge-gravity duality, these modes serve as an important tool for determining the near-equilibrium properties of strongly coupled quantum field theories, in particular their transport coefficients, such as viscosity, conductivity and diffusion constants. In astrophysics, the detection of quasinormal modes in gravitational wave experiments would allow precise measurements of the mass and spin of black holes as well as new tests of general relativity. This review is meant as an introduction to the subject, with a focus on the recent developments in the field.

1,592 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The successes, as well as the limits, of perturbation theory are presented, and its role in the emerging era of numerical relativity and supercomputers is discussed.
Abstract: Perturbations of stars and black holes have been one of the main topics of relativistic astrophysics for the last few decades. They are of particular importance today, because of their relevance to gravitational wave astronomy. In this review we present the theory of quasi-normal modes of compact objects from both the mathematical and astrophysical points of view. The discussion includes perturbations of black holes (Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordstrom, Kerr and Kerr-Newman) and relativistic stars (non-rotating and slowly-rotating). The properties of the various families of quasi-normal modes are described, and numerical techniques for calculating quasi-normal modes reviewed. The successes, as well as the limits, of perturbation theory are presented, and its role in the emerging era of numerical relativity and supercomputers is discussed.

1,569 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent achievements on various aspects of black hole perturbations are discussed such as decoupling of variables in the perturbation equations, quasinormal modes (with special emphasis on various numerical and analytical methods of calculations), late-time tails, gravitational stability, anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory interpretation, and holographic superconductors.
Abstract: Perturbations of black holes, initially considered in the context of possible observations of astrophysical effects, have been studied for the past 10 years in string theory, brane-world models, and quantum gravity. Through the famous gauge/gravity duality, proper oscillations of perturbed black holes, called quasinormal modes, allow for the description of the hydrodynamic regime in the dual finite temperature field theory at strong coupling, which can be used to predict the behavior of quark-gluon plasmas in the nonperturbative regime. On the other hand, the brane-world scenarios assume the existence of extra dimensions in nature, so that multidimensional black holes can be formed in a laboratory experiment. All this stimulated active research in the field of perturbations of higher-dimensional black holes and branes during recent years. In this review recent achievements on various aspects of black hole perturbations are discussed such as decoupling of variables in the perturbation equations, quasinormal modes (with special emphasis on various numerical and analytical methods of calculations), late-time tails, gravitational stability, anti--de Sitter/conformal field theory interpretation of quasinormal modes, and holographic superconductors. We also touch on state-of-the-art observational possibilities for detecting quasinormal modes of black holes.

1,070 citations