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Journal ArticleDOI

Stability of curcumin in buffer solutions and characterization of its degradation products

01 Aug 1997-Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis (Elsevier)-Vol. 15, Iss: 12, pp 1867-1876
TL;DR: It was shown that decomposition was pH-dependent and occurred faster at neutral-basic conditions and vanillin, ferulic acid, feruloyl methane were identified as minor degradation products and the amount of vanillin increased with incubation time.
About: This article is published in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis.The article was published on 1997-08-01. It has received 1452 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Liposomal Curcumin & Buffer solution.
Citations
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Journal Article
TL;DR: Evidence has also been presented to suggest that curcumin can suppress tumor initiation, promotion and metastasis, and Pharmacologically,Curcumin has been found to be safe.
Abstract: Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a polyphenol derived from the plant Curcuma longa, commonly called turmeric. Extensive research over the last 50 years has indicated this polyphenol can both prevent and treat cancer. The anticancer potential of curcumin stems from its ability to suppress proliferation of a wide variety of tumor cells, down-regulate transcription factors NF- κB, AP-1 and Egr-1; down-regulate the expression of COX2, LOX, NOS, MMP-9, uPA, TNF, chemokines, cell surface adhesion molecules and cyclin D1; down-regulate growth factor receptors (such as EGFR and HER2); and inhibit the activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, protein tyrosine kinases and protein serine/threonine kinases. In several systems, curcumin has been described as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Evidence has also been presented to suggest that curcumin can suppress tumor initiation, promotion and metastasis. Pharmacologically, curcumin has been found to be safe. Human clinical trials indicated no dose-limiting toxicity when administered at doses up to 10 g/day. All of these studies suggest that curcumin has enormous potential in the prevention and therapy of cancer. The current review describes in detail the data supporting these studies. Curcumin, derived from turmeric (vernacular name: Haldi), is a rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa. The medicinal use of this plant has been documented in Ayurveda (the Indian

2,453 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Curcumin, a spice once relegated to the kitchen shelf, has moved into the clinic and may prove to be "Curecumin", a therapeutic agent in wound healing, diabetes, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and arthritis.

1,897 citations


Cites background from "Stability of curcumin in buffer sol..."

  • ...[15] Wang YJ, Pan MH, Cheng AL, Lin LI, Ho YS, Hsieh CY, et al....

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  • ...016 containing 10% fetal calf serum and in human blood, <20% of curcumin being degraded within 1 h and approximately 50% by 8 h [15]....

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  • ...Degradation of curcumin is extremely slow at pH 1–6 [15], as normally encountered in the stomach....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Curcumin exhibits great promise as a therapeutic agent, and is currently in human clinical trials for a variety of conditions, including multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer, myelodysplastic syndromes, colon cancer, psoriasis and Alzheimer’s disease.
Abstract: Curcumin is the active ingredient in the traditional herbal remedy and dietary spice turmeric (Curcuma longa). Curcumin has a surprisingly wide range of beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity. The pleiotropic activities of curcumin derive from its complex chemistry as well as its ability to influence multiple signaling pathways, including survival pathways such as those regulated by NF-κB, Akt, and growth factors; cytoprotective pathways dependent on Nrf2; and metastatic and angiogenic pathways. Curcumin is a free radical scavenger and hydrogen donor, and exhibits both pro- and antioxidant activity. It also binds metals, particularly iron and copper, and can function as an iron chelator. Curcumin is remarkably non-toxic and exhibits limited bioavailability. Curcumin exhibits great promise as a therapeutic agent, and is currently in human clinical trials for a variety of conditions, including multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer, myelodysplastic syndromes, colon cancer, psoriasis and Alzheimer’s disease.

1,599 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sufficient data currently exist to advocate phase II clinical evaluation of oral curcumin in patients with invasive malignancy or pre-invasive lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon and rectum.

1,574 citations


Cites background from "Stability of curcumin in buffer sol..."

  • ...The bis-keto form predominates in acidic and neutral aqueous solutions and in the cell membrane [8]....

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  • ...The presence of foetal calf serum or human blood, or addition of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine or glutathione, completely blocks this degradation in culture media or phosphate buffer above pH 7 [8]....

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  • ...Other investigators have also found that curcumin is more stable in cell culture medium containing 10% foetal calf serum or in human blood, with less that 20% decomposition within 1 h compared to 90% within 30 min in serum-free medium [8]....

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  • ...Under acidic conditions, the degradation of curcumin is much slower, with less than 20% of total curcumin decomposed at 1 h [8]....

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Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Curcumin has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities and thus has a potential against various malignant diseases, diabetes, allergies, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and other chronic illnesses.
Abstract: Turmeric, derived from the plant Curcuma longa, is a gold-colored spice commonly used in the Indian subcontinent, not only for health care but also for the preservation of food and as a yellow dye for textiles. Curcumin, which gives the yellow color to turmeric, was first isolated almost two centuries ago, and its structure as diferuloylmethane was determined in 1910. Since the time of Ayurveda (1900 Bc) numerous therapeutic activities have been assigned to turmeric for a wide variety of diseases and conditions, including those of the skin, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems, aches, pains, wounds, sprains, and liver disorders. Extensive research within the last half century has proven that most of these activities, once associated with turmeric, are due to curcumin. Curcumin has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities and thus has a potential against various malignant diseases, diabetes, allergies, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and other chronic illnesses. These effects are mediated through the regulation of various transcription factors, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, protein kinases, and other enzymes. Curcumin exhibits activities similar to recently discovered tumor necrosis factor blockers (e.g., HUMIRA, REMICADE, and ENBREL), a vascular endothelial cell growth factor blocker (e.g., AVASTIN), human epidermal growth factor receptor blockers (e.g., ERBITUX, ERLOTINIB, and GEFTINIB), and a HER2 blocker (e.g., HERCEPTIN). Considering the recent scientific bandwagon that multitargeted therapy is better than monotargeted therapy for most diseases, curcumin can be considered an ideal "Spice for Life".

1,467 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It appears that when given orally, curcumin is far less active than after i.p. administration, and systemic effects seem to be questionable after oral application except that they occur at very low concentrations ofCurcumin, which does not exclude a local action in the gastrointestinal tract.
Abstract: The data reviewed indicate that extracts of Curcuma longa exhibit anti-inflammatory activity after parenteral application in standard animal models used for testing anti-inflammatory activity It turned out that curcumin and the volatile oil are at least in part responsible for this action It appears that when given orally, curcumin is far less active than after ip administration This may be due to poor absorption, as discussed Data on histamine-induced ulcers are controversial, and studies on the secretory activity (HCl, pepsinogen) are still lacking In vitro, curcumin exhibited antispasmodic activity Since there was a protective effect of extracts of Curcuma longa on the liver and a stimulation of bile secretion in animals, Curcuma longa has been advocated for use in liver disorders Evidence for an effect on liver disease in humans is not yet available From the facts that after oral application only traces of curcumin were found in the blood and that, on the other hand, most of the curcumin is excreted via the faeces it may be concluded that curcumin is absorbed poorly by the gastrointestinal tract and/or underlies presystemic transformation Systemic effects therefore seem to be questionable after oral application except that they occur at very low concentrations of curcumin This does not exclude a local action in the gastrointestinal tract

1,714 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Curcumin, a potent anti-inflammatory agent, has been studied for its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen radicals which are implicated in inflammation as discussed by the authors, and it has been shown that it is a good scavenger of hydroxyl radical at high concentrations but at low concentrations activated the Fenton system to generate an increased amount of hydrastic radical.

1,110 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The effects of topically applied curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, or ferulic acid on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity, epidersmal DNA synthesis, and the promotion of skin tumors were evaluated in female CD-1 mice.
Abstract: The effects of topically applied curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid on 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity, epidermal DNA synthesis, and the promotion of skin tumors were evaluated in female CD-1 mice. Topical application of 0.5, 1, 3, or 10 µmol of curcumin inhibited by 31, 46, 84, or 98%, respectively, the induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity by 5 nmol of TPA. In an additional study, the topical application of 10 µmol of curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, or ferulic acid inhibited by 91, 25, 42, or 46%, respectively, the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity by 5 nmol of TPA. The topical application of 10 µmol of curcumin together with 2 or 5 nmol of TPA inhibited the TPA-dependent stimulation of the incorporation of [ 3 H]-thymidine into epidermal DNA by 49 or 29%, respectively, whereas lower doses of curcumin had little or no effect. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid were less effective than curcumin as inhibitors of the TPA-dependent stimulation of DNA synthesis. Topical application of 1, 3, or 10 µmol of curcumin together with 5 nmol of TPA twice weekly for 20 weeks to mice previously initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene inhibited the number of TPA-induced tumors per mouse by 39, 77, or 98%, respectively. Similar treatment of mice with 10 µmol of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, or ferulic acid together with 5 nmol of TPA inhibited the number of TPA-induced tumors per mouse by 60, 28, or 35%, respectively, and higher doses of the phenolic acids caused a more pronounced inhibition of tumor promotion. The possibility that curcumin could inhibit the action of arachidonic acid was evaluated by studying the effect of curcumin on arachidonic acid-induced edema of mouse ears. The topical application of 3 or 10 µmol of curcumin 30 min before the application of 1 µmol of arachidonic acid inhibited arachidonic acid-induced edema by 33 or 80%, respectively.

779 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Investigation of the chemopreventive action of dietary curcumin on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis and also the modulating effect of this agent on the colonic mucosal and tumor phospholipase A2, phospholIPase C gamma 1, lipoxygenase, and cyclo oxygengenase activities in male F344 rats indicates that dietary administration ofCurcumin significantly inhibited incidence of colon adenocarcinomas.
Abstract: Human epidemiological and laboratory animal model studies have suggested that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs reduce the risk of development of colon cancer and that the inhibition of colon carcinogenesis is mediated through the alteration in cyclooxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid. Curcumin, which is a naturally occurring compound, is present in turmeric, possesses both antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties, and has been tested for its chemopreventive properties in skin and forestomach carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate the chemopreventive action of dietary curcumin on azozymethaneinduced colon carcinogenesis and also the modulating effect of this agent on the colonic mucosal and tumor phospholipase A 2 , phospholipase Cγ1, lipoxygenase, and cyclooxygenase activities in male F344 rats. At 5 weeks of age, groups of animals were fed the control (modified AIN-76A) diet or a diet containing 2000 ppm of curcumin. At 7 weeks of age, all animals, except those in the vehicle (normal saline)-treated groups, were given two weekly s.c. injections of azoxymethane at a dose rate of 15 mg/kg body weight. All groups were continued on their respective dietary regimen until the termination of the experiment at 52 weeks after the carcinogen treatment. Colonic tumors were evaluated histopathologically. Colonic mucosa and tumors were analyzed for phospholipase A 2 , phospholipase Cγ1, ex vivo prostaglandin (PG) E 2 , cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase activities. The results indicate that dietary administration of curcumin significantly inhibited incidence of colon adenocarcinomas ( P P P P 57% compared to the control diet. Animals fed the curcumin diet showed decreased activities of colonic mucosal and tumor phospholipase A 2 (50%) and phospholipase Cγ1 (40%) and levels of PGE 2 (>38%). The formation of prostaglandins such as PGE 2 , PGF 2α , PGD 2 , 6-keto PGF 1α , and thromboxane B 2 through the cyclooxygenase system and production of 5( S )-, 8( S )-, 12( S )-, and 15( S )-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids via the lipoxygenase pathway from arachidonic acid were reduced in colonic mucosa and tumors of animals fed the curcumin diet as compared to control diet. Although the precise mechanism by which curcumin inhibits colon tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated, it is likely that the chemopreventive action, at least in part, may be related to the modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism.

706 citations