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Journal ArticleDOI

Stability Studies on Continuous-Wave Broadband Generated in an Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Using Highly Nonlinear Fiber

TL;DR: In this paper, a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) was used in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser (EDFRL) for continuous-wave (CW) broadband in the C- and L-band wavelength regions.
Abstract: Continuous-wave (CW) broadband in the C- and L-band wavelength regions is demonstrated by introducing a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser (EDFRL). A broadband spectrum of ~ 39 nm in the L-band and ~ 21 nm in the C-band were obtained at pump powers as low as ~ 200 mW with appropriate optimizations. Demultiplexed output from the broadband generated in the C-band region is tested for wavelength and power stability for consideration as a suitable source for various applications. The wavelength and power fluctuations have been observed to be at most ~ 0.02 nm and ~ 0.3 dBm, respectively.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a four-wave mixing (FWM) based multi-wavelength laser based on a double-cladding thulium-doped fiber laser (DC-TDFL) is proposed and demonstrated.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The feedback strength and nonlinear effect, especially the four-wave mixing effect of high nonlinear fiber, are studied to improve the bandwidth and flatness of chaos.
Abstract: We propose and demonstrate a method to generate a flat broadband chaotic laser by using an active optical feedback loop combined with a high nonlinear fiber. The feedback strength and nonlinear effect, especially the four-wave mixing effect of high nonlinear fiber, are studied to improve the bandwidth and flatness of chaos. When the feedback strength is 6.6 and injected fiber power is 1.0 W, a chaotic signal with a frequency range over 50 GHz, 80% bandwidth of 38.9 GHz, and flatness of 4.2 dB are experimentally achieved.

9 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the broadband generated by the inclusion of dispersion shifted fiber, highly nonlinear fiber, and their combinations in the cavity of a filterless erbium-doped fiber ring laser is experimentally studied.
Abstract: The broadband generated by the inclusion of dispersion shifted fiber, highly nonlinear fiber, and their combinations in the cavity of a filterless erbium-doped fiber ring laser is experimentally studied in this work. The gain spectrum of erbium-doped fiber and the nonlinear effects due to low-dispersion specialty fibers govern the spectral broadening. The experimental results are compared and analyzed with the aid of the dependence of the spectrum on the input pump power provided to the gain medium.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a multi-wavelength thulium-doped fiber laser in a linear cavity stabilized by a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF), which exhibited power fluctuations of less than 1.325 dB with maximum wavelength dithering of 0.12 nm.
Abstract: We propose a multiwavelength thulium-doped fiber laser in a linear cavity stabilized by a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). Stable multiwavelength operation at 2 μm was obtained by introducing a 500-m HNLF within the cavity to alleviate mode competition caused by homogeneous gain broadening of the thulium gain medium. The presence of HNLF-induced spectral broadening through the FWM effect helped to increase the number of output channels, with 22 lasing lines observed within a 10-dB bandwidth and optical signal-to-noise ratio as high as 30 dB. The laser exhibited power fluctuations of less than 1.325 dB with maximum wavelength dithering of 0.12 nm. This work has demonstrated the use of simple HNLF-integrated linear cavity architecture to generate multiwavelength output without complex nonlinear-based structure.

5 citations


Cites background from "Stability Studies on Continuous-Wav..."

  • ...induces higher FWM effect which leads to the initial generation of a broad gain spectrum and, eventually, the transference of power to adjacent lines, hence producing more channels with better stability [17]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate a linear cavity filterless erbium-doped fiber laser with spatial-hole burning (SHB) effect for continuous-wave broadband generation.

1 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
22 Nov 1991-Science
TL;DR: OCT as discussed by the authors uses low-coherence interferometry to produce a two-dimensional image of optical scattering from internal tissue microstructures in a way analogous to ultrasonic pulse-echo imaging.
Abstract: A technique called optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been developed for noninvasive cross-sectional imaging in biological systems. OCT uses low-coherence interferometry to produce a two-dimensional image of optical scattering from internal tissue microstructures in a way that is analogous to ultrasonic pulse-echo imaging. OCT has longitudinal and lateral spatial resolutions of a few micrometers and can detect reflected signals as small as approximately 10(-10) of the incident optical power. Tomographic imaging is demonstrated in vitro in the peripapillary area of the retina and in the coronary artery, two clinically relevant examples that are representative of transparent and turbid media, respectively.

11,568 citations


"Stability Studies on Continuous-Wav..." refers background in this paper

  • ...A prominent medical application is in optical coherence tomography (OCT) [ 1 ], [2] since a broadband source can enable a high degree of axial resolution....

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Book ChapterDOI
16 Nov 1992
TL;DR: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has developed rapidly since its first realisation in medicine and is currently an emerging technology in the diagnosis of skin disease as mentioned in this paper, where OCT is an interferometric technique that detects reflected and backscattered light from tissue.
Abstract: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has developed rapidly since its first realisation in medicine and is currently an emerging technology in the diagnosis of skin disease. OCT is an interferometric technique that detects reflected and backscattered light from tissue and is often described as the optical analogue to ultrasound. The inherent safety of the technology allows for in vivo use of OCT in patients. The main strength of OCT is the depth resolution. In dermatology, most OCT research has turned on non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and non-invasive monitoring of morphological changes in a number of skin diseases based on pattern recognition, and studies have found good agreement between OCT images and histopathological architecture. OCT has shown high accuracy in distinguishing lesions from normal skin, which is of great importance in identifying tumour borders or residual neoplastic tissue after therapy. The OCT images provide an advantageous combination of resolution and penetration depth, but specific studies of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in dermatology are sparse. In order to improve OCT image quality and expand the potential of OCT, technical developments are necessary. It is suggested that the technology will be of particular interest to the routine follow-up of patients undergoing non-invasive therapy of malignant or premalignant keratinocyte tumours. It is speculated that the continued technological development can propel the method to a greater level of dermatological use.

6,095 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preliminary studies indicate the feasibility of developing OCT for a wide range of clinical and research diagnostic imaging applications, and the ability to non-excisionally evaluate tissue morphology using a catheter or an endoscope could have a significant impact on the diagnosis and management of a widerange of diseases.
Abstract: Optical coherence tomography is a new imaging technique that can perform high-resolution, micrometre-scale, cross-sectional imaging in biological systems. The technology has been developed, and reduced to, preliminary clinical practice in ophthalmology. The challenging problem that OCT may address is the development of 'optical biopsy' techniques. These techniques can provide diagnostic imaging of tissue morphology without the need for excision of specimens. Many investigations remain to identify optimal areas for clinical application, and additional engineering must be done to integrate vertically the technology and to reduce it to clinical practice. Nevertheless, preliminary studies indicate the feasibility of developing this technology for a wide range of clinical and research diagnostic imaging applications. The ability to non-excisionally evaluate tissue morphology using a catheter or an endoscope could have a significant impact on the diagnosis and management of a wide range of diseases.

997 citations


"Stability Studies on Continuous-Wav..." refers background in this paper

  • ...A prominent medical application is in optical coherence tomography (OCT) [1], [ 2 ] since a broadband source can enable a high degree of axial resolution....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Incorporating wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) in a PON allows one to support much higher bandwidth compared to the standard PON, which operates in the traditional copper-based networks.
Abstract: Feature Issue on Optical Access Networks (OAN) The passive optical network (PON) is an optical fiber based network architecture, which can provide much higher bandwidth in the access network compared to traditional copper-based networks. Incorporating wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) in a PON allows one to support much higher bandwidth compared to the standard PON, which operates in the "single-wavelength mode" where one wavelength is used for upstream transmission and a separate one is used for downstream transmission. We present a comprehensive review of various aspects of WDM-PONs proposed in the literature. This includes enabling device technologies for WDM-PONs and network architectures, as well as the corresponding protocols and services that may be deployed on a WDM-PON. The WDM-PON will become a revolutionary and scalable broadband access technology that will provide high bandwidth to end users.

507 citations


"Stability Studies on Continuous-Wav..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The test of the stability is essential in the case of broadband or multiwavelength sources as they could be limited by several sources of noise such as mode-partition noise, relative intensity noise [15], and optical beat noise [ 16 ]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Based on the fiber Bragg gratings and high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, a novel dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser is proposed and demonstrated and can selectively realize one wavelength lasing.
Abstract: Based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (HN-PCF), a novel dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser is proposed and demonstrated. Experimental results show that, owing to the contributions of two degenerate four-wave mixings in the HN-PCF, the proposed fiber laser is quite stable and two output signals are uniform at room temperature. With adjustment of the attenuator, our fiber laser can selectively realize one wavelength lasing.

245 citations